Gastrointestinal imaging

The use of low-osmolar contrast media in gastrointestinal imaging has been investigated in children under 16 years. One group received the iso-osmolar dimer... 

Wright NB, Carty HM, Sprigg A, Kampenes VB, Friis M, Petersen KK, Stake G, Klaveness AJ. lodixanol in paediatric gastrointestinal imaging safety and efficacy comparison with iohexol. Br J Radiol 2002 75(890) 127-35. 

Buscopan contains hyoscine, which is an anticholinergic drug used to inhibit gastric secretion and intestinal motility during gastrointestinal imaging. Buscopan is given intravenously. 

Hyoscine - premedication antimuscarinic to inhibit gastric secretion and intestinal motility prior to gastrointestinal imaging Ibuprofen - non-steroidal anti-inflammatory dmg Imipramine - antidepressant Indinavir - antiviral HIV... 

Novotny NM, Lillemoe KD, Falimirski ME. Barium appendicitis after upper gastrointestinal imaging. J Emerg Med 2010 38(2) 148-9. 

Theory and Equipment. Many diseases of the human body can be identified by visual appearance. Tumors in the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract, for example, possess a characteristic salmon pink color (3). The presence of such a color can be an indication of disease. Endoscopy is the medical imaging tool used to detect such colors in the inside of hoUow internal organs such as the rectum, urethra, urinary bladder, stomach, colon, etc. An endoscope is the instmment used to perform endoscopy. Endoscopic imaging involves the production of a tme color picture of the inside of the human body using lenses and either hoUow pipes, a fiber optic bundle, or a smaU CCD camera. AU three use a large field-of-view, sometimes referred to as a fish eye, lens to aUow a 180° field of view. 

Gastrointestinal x-ray imaging is the imaging of the small and large intestines and the colon. The contrast between the various tissues found in the abdomen is poor. As a consequence, a contrast agent is introduced into the digestive tract which absorbs more x-rays than do the tissues in the abdomen. 

Sucralfate [54182-58-0] an aluminum salt of sucrose octasulfate, is used as an antacid and antiulcer medication (59). Bis- and tris-platinum complexes of sucrose show promise as antitumor agents (60). Sucrose monoesters are used in some pharmaceutical preparations (21). A sucrose polyester is under evaluation as a contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging (mri) (61). Oral adrninistration of this substance opacifies the gastrointestinal tract and eliminates the need for purging prior to mri. 

GH, growth hormone Gl, gastrointestinal IGF-I, insulin-like growth factor I IM, intramuscularly LAR, long-acting release MRI, magnetic resonance imaging SQ, subcutaneously. 

Mayingcr, B. (2004). Endoscopic fluorescence spectroscopic imaging in the gastrointestinal tract. Gastrointest. Endosc. Clin. N. Am. 14, 487-505, viii-ix. 

Ghahremani, G.G., Gastrointestinal complications of drug therapy, Abdom. Imaging, 24, 1-2,... 

Goldenberg, D. M. (1991) Imaging and therapy of gastrointestinal cancers with radiolabeled antibodies. Am. J. Gastroenterology 86, 1392-1403. 

Some of these triiodinated compounds are orally active, i.e. they are absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract after oral administration and imaging of the biliary system is possible following this route of administration. Examples are iopanoic acid, iophenoxic acid and sodium ipodate. A prerequisite for oral absorption is a balance of relatively hydrophilic and lipophilic moieties in the molecule. Numerous investigations have been performed to establish structure-activity relationships for this class of compounds, e.g. by Archer and Hoppe [70, 71]. Sodium salts are better absorbed than the free acids [72]. 

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