Gastric contents analysis

Most of the published analytical methods for the determination of antidepressants were developed in plasma, serum, whole blood, and urine, which are the most useful matrices for clinical and toxicological analysis of these therapeutic compounds. However, albeit few, some LC-MS methodologies have also been described for the analysis of several antidepressants in hair [30-33], oral fluid [34, 35], breast milk [36], or typical forensic matrices such as gastric content, bile, vitreous humor, brain, liver, lung, and/or muscle [37 10],... 

Arsenic is concentrated in the liver, spleen and kidney and is bound preferentially to sulphydryl groups in skin, hair and nails. Urine and gastric contents should also be obtained. The sequential analysis of hair sections has been shown to be of value in the examination of prolonged exposure to arsenic [8]. 

Cl. Caputto, R., Schultz, P., Karnes, J., and Wolf, S., Chromatographic analysis of fasting human gastric content. Federation Proc. 13, 22 (1954). Abstr. 

The growth in endoscopic procedures, with direct visualization of the interior of the stomach, has largely removed the need for the clinical laboratory to carry out the analysis of gastric contents. Situations remain, however, in which the laboratory continues to play a significant role in the diagnosis of gastric diseases and in monitoring the effectiveness of treatment. This section describes peptic ulcer disease and tests for Helicobacter pylori H. pylori) and the measurement of basal acid output from the stomach. 

The total volumes of both aspirates were measured and samples were collected for lipase, pH, PEG and lipid analysis. The single lumen gastric tube was used to administer the meal and to collect gastric samples every 15 minutes as well as the total residual gastric contents at the end of the experiment. 

Once a poisoning is suspected and there is a need to confirm the diagnosis for medical or legal purposes, appropriate biologic material should be sent to the laboratory for analysis. Gastric contents may contain the greatest concentration of drug, but they are difficult... 

A. Specific ieveis. Diagnosis is confirmed by detennination of the toxin In semm, stool, or a wound although these tests are useful for public health Investigation, they cannot be used to detennine initial treatment because the analysis takes more than 24 hours to perfonn. Obtain semm, stool, wound pus, vomitus, gastric contents, and suspect food for toxin analysis by the local or state health department. The results may be negative if the samples were collected late or the quantity of toxin is small. 

London found only traces of amino acids in gastric contents during digestion of protein, and he enlisted the cooperation of Emil Abderhalden to determine whether amino acids are produced but disappear because they are absorbed. London mixed amino acids with meat that had been extracted with water to remove any trace of amino acids, and he gave the gastric effluent to Abderhalden for analysis. Abderhalden, using methods already described, did the appropriate control... 

A 44-year-old woman with a history of depression and alcoholism was found dead at home [12 ]. An autopsy showed non-specihc abnormalities (alveolar edema, hepatic steatosis, and interstihal nephritis). Because several boxes of medicines had been found near the body, a toxicological analysis was carried out on peripheral blood and urine samples. Ethanol (1.24 g/1 in blood, 2.63 g/1 in urine, and 1.33 g/kg in gastric content), meprobamate (14 m in blood), nordiazepam (0.12 mg/1 in blood), and labetalol (1.7 mg/1 in blood and 20 mg/1 in urine) were found. Labetalol concentrations in samples of viscera (liver, heart, kidney, and lung) and gastric contents were also high (14, 7.8, 5.4, 5.2, and 31 micrograms/g respectively). 

Careful analysis of gastric contents revealed that under fasting conditions, the normal stomach contained mucus, a few bacilli, and some yeast cells, whereas in stagnant gastric contents, obtained from patients with gastric disease, bacilli, micrococci, yeast, and fungus could... 

The gastric and duodenal contents are aspirated and sent to the laboratory for analysis before and after the administration of secretin, which stimulates the pancreas to secrete enzymes. 

The method of Blum and Fuld is especially recommended for the determination of the coagulating power of gastric juice. A normal gastric juice requires, for analysis, a dilution of between 3000 and 7000. There are very rich juices which require dilutions higher than 7000, and juices are also met which are so poor in rennet that their content is below 100. 

Microspheres demonstrate similar drug release rates in phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.0) and simulated gastric fluid. A significant increase in drug release (83.2%) is observed in the medium containing 4% rat caecal content which corresponds to in vivo analysis. 

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