Gasoline distillation apparatus

Analytical Treatment of Hydrogenated Coal Liquids. Scheme A. Filtered coal liquids were distilled in a standard vacuum distillation apparatus to recover the gasoline (IBP-400°F) and gas-oil (400°-1000°F) cuts (see Figure 2). The treatment with anhydrous HC1 was applied to the composite of these cuts (IBP-1000°F) or to the gas-oil fraction, each diluted with an equal volume of n-hexane. 

Hexanes are a colorless, very volatile liquid with a faint, peculiar odor. It is rarely sold as n-hexane but usually admixed with hexane isomers simply called hexanes , but marketed as hexane . Hexane has a boiling point of 69 Celsius, and a melting point of-100 Celsius. It is insoluble in water, but miscible with alcohol, chloroform, and ether. Hexane is a major component of gasoline, and can be distilled from the gasoline using a multiple-path distillation apparatus. Hexane is obtained commercially from petroleum, and is a widely available commercial chemical. 

Distillation is widely used in the petroleum and chemical industries. A sophisticated distillation apparatus is used to separate the numerous organic components of crude oil, including petroleum ether, gasoline, kerosene, and jet fuel fractions. This requires fractional distillation, in which part of the v q)or recondenses in a fractionatii column that would be mounted vertically on top of the distillation flask in the apparatus shown in Figure 2.11. The most-volatile components enter into the condenser and are condensed back to liquid products less-volatile liquid constituents return to the distillation flask. The net effect is that of numerous distillations, which gives a very efficient separation. 

Figure 028. Apparatus for the distillation of unleaded premium gasoline (carefully distill at 70 Celsius).

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