Gasification, coal hydrogen formation

At the temperatures used in coal gasification 870°C), methane formation also occurs by hydrogenation of carbon ... 

In a natural gas fueled PAFC, water is condensed out of the fuel stream going to the fuel cell to increase the partial pressure of hydrogen. In a coal gasification MCFC, water often is added to the fuel stream prior to the fuel cell to prevent soot formation. The addition of excess steam not only prevents the soot formation, but also causes a voltage drop of approximately 2 mV per each percentage point increase in steam content (45). The use of zinc ferrite hot gas cleanup can aggravate the soot formation problem because of the catalytic effect of the sorbent on carbon formation, and requires even higher moisture levels (46). 

Nickel carbonyl, an intermediate in the Mond process for nickel refining, is also used for vapor-plating in the metallurgical and electronics industries and as a catalyst for synthesis of acrylic monomers in the plastics industry. Inadvertent formation of nickel carbonyl can occur in industrial processes that use nickel catalysts, such as coal gasification, petroleum refining, and hydrogenation of lipids. 

Wang, J., Jiang, M., Yao, Y., Zhang, Y., Cao, J. (2009). Steam gasification of coal char catalyzed hy K2CO3 for enhanced production of hydrogen without formation of methane. Fuel, 88, 1572-1579. 

We assumed that the reaction process of gasification has been divided for convenience into two categories, namely partial oxidation and secondary reaction. Coal is converted into H2, CO, CO2, and H2O by the reaction with O2 and H2O. Most solid-gas reactions except for hydrogenation described later are classified in it. In secondary reaction step, the gas produced by partial oxidation changes its composition by shift reaction and formation of organic compounds. We transform standard reaction formula (24) mathematically according to both steps mentioned above and derived a formula having the same form of formula (1). 

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