Gasification entrained coal

Yu, G., Niu, M., Wang, Y., Liang, Q., and Yu, Z. Application status and development tendency of coal entrained-bed gasification. Modem Chemical Industry (China), 2004, 24, 23. 

Watanabe, H., Otaka, M. (2006). Numerical simulation of coal gasification in entrained flow coal gasifier. Fuel, 85, 1935—1943. 

Produced from Co l. Estimates of the cost of producing methanol from coal have been made by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) (12,17) and they are more uncertain than those using natural gas. Experience in coal-to-methanol faciUties of the type and size that would offer the most competitive product is limited. The projected costs of coal-derived methanol are considerably higher than those of methanol produced from natural gas. The cost of the production faciUty accounts for most of the increase (11). Coal-derived methanol is not expected to compete with gasoline unless oil prices exceed 0.31/L ( 50/bbl). Successful development of lower cost entrained gasification technologies could reduce the cost so as to make coal-derived methanol competitive at oil prices as low as 0.25/L ( 40/bbl) (17) (see Coal conversion processes). 

The gasification plant is equipped with two Texaco gasifiers, each capable of producing all of the synthesis gas required for operation of the complex. Eastman chose an entrained-bed gasification process for the Chemicals from Coal project because of three attractive features. The product gas composition using locally available coal is particularly suitable for production of the desired chemicals. Also, the process has excellent environmental performance and generates no Hquids or tars. EinaHy, the process can be operated at the elevated pressure required for the downstream chemical plants. 

Sasol Fischer-Tropsch Process. 1-Propanol is one of the products from Sasol s Fischer-Tropsch process (7). Coal (qv) is gasified ia Lurgi reactors to produce synthesis gas (H2/CO). After separation from gas Hquids and purification, the synthesis gas is fed iato the Sasol Synthol plant where it is entrained with a powdered iron-based catalyst within the fluid-bed reactors. The exothermic Fischer-Tropsch reaction produces a mixture of hydrocarbons (qv) and oxygenates. The condensation products from the process consist of hydrocarbon Hquids and an aqueous stream that contains a mixture of ketones (qv) and alcohols. The ketones and alcohols are recovered and most of the alcohols are used for the blending of high octane gasoline. Some of the alcohol streams are further purified by distillation to yield pure 1-propanol and ethanol ia a multiunit plant, which has a total capacity of 25,000-30,000 t/yr (see Coal conversion processes, gasification). 

Dow Goal Gasification Process. The Dow coal gasification process (Destec) is a two-stage, slurry feed, entrained-flow, slagging gasifier. 

Bianchi An early entrained-flow coal gasification process. 

Bi-Gas [Bituminous Gas] A coal gasification process using a two-stage, entrained-flow slagging gasifier. Developed by Bituminous Coal Research. A 120-tons-per-day pilot plant was built in 1976 at Homer City, PA, under sponsorship from the U.S. Energy Research and Development Administration and the American Gas Association. 

Koppers-Totzek A coal gasification process using an entrained bed. The coal is finely ground and injected in a jet of steam and oxygen into a circular vessel maintained at 1,500°C. Reaction is complete within one second. The ash is removed as a molten slag. The process was invented by F. Totzek at Heinrich Koppers, Essen, and further developed by Koppers Company in Louisiana, MO, under contract with the U.S. Bureau of Mines. The first commercial operation was at Oulu, Finland, in 1952 by 1979, 53 units had been built. Most of the plants are operated to produce a hydrogen-rich gas for use in ammonia synthesis. Developed by Lurgi. See also PRENFLO. 

Hitachi. This coal gasification technology is based on an oxygen-blown entrained flow gasifier, where the majority of experience has been gained in a 150 ton coal/day unit. The gasifier is a water-cooled tube that is lined by a high-temperature-resistant castable. Pulverized coal is pneumatically... 

PRessurized ENtrained FLOw) gasification technology. Initially developed by Krupp Uhde. Krupp and Shell. They split in 1981 and both developed their own coal gasification process. 

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