Hydrocarbon products, gaseous

Volatilization of lignite in an inert gas stream under similar flow conditions produced much smaller yields of liquid and gaseous hydrocarbon products. Addition of a catalyst caused no appreciable effects on the yield. 

Fallon, P.T., Bhatt, B., and Steinberg, M. "The Flash Hydropyrolysis of Lignite and Subbituminous Coals to both Liquids and Gaseous Hydrocarbon Products" Brookhaven National Laboratory BNL 26210 presented at the 178th National Meeting of the American Chemical Society Washington, D.C., 1979. 

Appreciable quantities are also obtained as a by-product in the manufacture of hydrogen from naphtha-gaseous hydrocarbons. In this process the gaseous hydrocarbon and superheated steam under a pressure of about 10 atmospheres and at a temperature of 1000 K are passed over a nickel-chromium catalyst. Carbon monoxide and hydrogen are produced ... 

Carbon Blacks. Carbon blacks are occasionally used as components in mixes to make various types of carbon products. Carbon blacks are generally prepared by deposition from the vapor phase using petroleum distillate or gaseous hydrocarbon feedstocks (see Carbon, carbon black). 

The terms oil production and gas production refer to rates of extraction of liquid and gaseous hydrocarbon materials from natural underground deposits. Reserves and resources, on the other hand, refer to amounts of oil and gas that are present in the deposits, the difference between reserves and resources being whether or not the amounts can be economically recovered under current conditions. Supply refers to the amount of a product that becomes available for... 

Petroleum engineers are traditionally involved in activities known in the oil industry as the front end of the petroleum fuel cycle (petroleum is either liquid or gaseous hydrocarbons derived from natural deposits—reservoirs—in the earth). These front end activities are namely exploration (locating and proving out the new geological provinces with petroleum reservoirs that may be exploited in the future), and development (the systematic drilling, well completion, and production of economically producible reservoirs). Once the raw petroleum fluids (e.g., crude oil and natural gas) have been produced from the earth, the back end of the fuel cycle takes the produced raw petroleum fluids and refines the.se fluids into useful products. 

The petroleum industry is a highly complex primary industry. Its function in society is to provide a reliable supply of liquid and gaseous hydrocarbon fuels and lubricants (and well as other related products) for both industrial and private customers. The industry is composed of two basic business elements 1 ) producing companies (often called operating companies) and 2) service companies. 

Less hydrogen consumption may be required for the production of high quality products because less gaseous hydrocarbon byproducts are produced. 

The residue from a large scale atmospheric pressure distillation of trimethyl phosphate exploded violently. This was attributed to rapid decomposition of the ester, catalysed by the acidic degradation products, with evolution of gaseous hydrocarbons. It is recommended that only small batches of alkyl phosphates should be vacuum distilled and in presence of magnesium oxide to neutralise any acid by-products, and to suppress the acid catalysed reaction. 

The gaseous atmosphere was then vented through a trap at -78° (to remove most of the benzene vapor) into an evacuated vessel. Samples were removed by gas-tight syringe and injected into a Hewlett-Packard 5790 gas chromatograph, equipped with a U ft, 1/8 in Porapak P column and a flame ionization detector. Use of known samples of hydrocarbons (methane and ethane) established that the minimum detectable amounts of product by this procedure were about 0.5-1 0 % (based on starting Nb complex). Several of the reactions (Mo(CO)g, W(C0)g and Ru (CO) p) gave small amounts (around 1-2 %) of these alkanes only with Cr(C0)g was a substantial yield of hydrocarbon product consistently observed (see below). 

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