Gas oil burners

Many oil burners are designed as combination gas/oil burners. An example of a modern low-NO oiFgas forced-draftl)urner is shown in Fig. 24-28. This is an air-staged design, with the air divided into primary, secondary, and tertiary streams. An air-staged natural draft process heater oil/gas burner is illustrated in Fig. 24-29. 

Three carbonaceous materials were employed in the experiments i) commercial (Degussa) amorphous carbon black (CB-330) with specific surface area (s.s.a.) of 82 m /g (BET) and apparent density of 375 kg/m ii) Diesel Soot (DS), collected at the exhaust of a Lombardini, single cylinder, D.I., 325 cm displacement, 18 1 compression ratio Diesel engine, operated at an air/fuel mass flow ratio of about 20. The BET s.s.a. of fi esh soot was 90 m /g and the apparent density 375 kg/m iii) soot (BS) generated by an heating gas-oil burner. The fuel mass flow rate fed to the burner was 1.6 kg/h while the air/fuel mass flow rate ratio was 18 and, correspondingly, the soot concentration in the exhaust gas was about 1000 ppm. 

When the required temperature is obtained and a sufficient temperature exposure took place, the gas/oil burners are switched off and removed, the anodes are... 

Thus, according to the definitions, diesel fuel (or gas oil) is not a heating fuel but a motor fuel. Incidentally, heavy fuel can be considered a heating fuel or a motor fuel depending on its application in a burner or in a marine diesel engine. 

Fuels ndEfficiency. Natural gas, oil, and electricity are the primary sources of energy propane is used as backup reserve in emergencies. Natural gas is the least expensive and most frequently used fuel, with heat content ranging from 34—45 MJ/nf (900—1200 Btu/ft ) for raw gas and approximately 3 MJ/m (80 Btu/fT) for air-gas mixtures. Fuel oil has heat content between 39—43 MJ/L (139,600—153,000 Btu/U.S. gal). Fuel oil is viscous at low temperature and must be heated before being fed to atomizing burners where it is mixed with air for combustion. 

As for oil and gas, the burner is the principal device required to successfully fire pulverized coal. The two primary types of pulverized-coal burners are circular concentric and vertical jet-nozzle array burners. Circular concentric burners are the most modem and employ swid flow to promote mixing and to improve flame stabiUty. Circular burners can be single or dual register. The latter type was designed and developed for NO reduction. Either one of these burner types can be equipped to fire any combination of the three principal fuels, ie, coal, oil and gas. However, firing pulverized coal with oil in the same burner should be restricted to short emergency periods because of possible coke formation on the pulverized-coal element (71,72). 

Both gas and oil-fired heating systems consist of several subsystems. The oil burner pump draws fuel... 

This principle is confined to domestic applications where kerosene or premium gas oil is concerned. The simplest type uses a number of concentrically arranged wicks which promote vaporization of kerosene into an air/vapor mixing zone enclosed within a perforated dmm arrangement. Normally, these burners obtain their air by natural draft. 

Performance on gas is normally limited in dual-fuel applications to that of the oil burner. In gas-only... 

Coal burners demand design consideration in all the aspects mentioned under gas and oil burners, but, in addition, need attention to the aspect of ash removal. The extent to which ash removal plays a part in the combustion system design often determines the ability of the burner to burn specific coals, particularly those with a high ash content. Principal types are as follows. 

This is very common nowadays to allow bargaining on fuel price or to arrange an interruptible gas tariff, which is backed up at times of peak demand with a stored oil supply. Most types of oil and gas burner are available in dual-fuel form, normally with gas burner design wrapped around the arrangement for oil firing. This is usually the more difficult fuel to burn, particularly in the case of residual heavy oils. Fuel selection is normally by a switch on the burner control panel after isolation has taken place of the non-fired fuel. To avoid the cost and complexity of the fuel preheating on oil firing, smaller systems use gas oil as the standby fuel. 

Coil boilers are available as fully automatic package units, typically ranging in size from 15 to 300 boiler hp (500 lb/hr-10,000 lb/hr). Most designs employ forced circulation and a single, continuous spiral, helical-wound coiled tube that hangs inside the furnace. The coil is subjected to intense heat release from a gas or oil burner. 

In Chapter 5.4, optical ultraviolet radiation sensors are described, including UV-enhanced silicon-based pn diodes, detectors made from other wide band gap materials in crystalline or polycrystalline form, the latter being a new, less costly alternative. Other domestic applications are personal UV exposure dosimetry, surveillance of sun beds, flame scanning in gas and oil burners, fire alarm monitors and water sterilization equipment surveillance. 

The new oxygen sensor for exhaust gas measurement in gas- and oil burners. Product information, Robert Bosch GmbH, Karlsruhe 2001... 

An oil burner or gas condensing boiler which does not operate at its optimum setting will not only decrease in efficiency, but the concentration of CO, HC and the content of soot in the exhaust gas will also increase. A measure for the quality of combustion is the well-known (in the automotive industry) lambda- (2-) value (see also chapter 53.2.4). 

Fuel specifications from different sources may differ in test limits on sulfur, density, etc., but the same general categories are recognized worldwide kerosene-type vaporizing fuel, distillate (or gas oil) for atomizing burners, and more viscous blends and residuals for commerce and heavy industry. 

Nos. 1 and 2 distillate fuels cut from catalytic gas oils are lower in both gravity and aniline point than corresponding virgin stock fuels. But the catalytic fuels have been used satisfactorily in atomizing pressure-type oil burners. 

---