Gamma rays detection

In almost every case, experimenters who use the resonant nuclear reactions have chosen to detect and count the gamma rays, but the alpha particles can also be used (Umezawa et al., 1987, 1988a). There seems to be no published comparison of the results using alpha particle and gamma ray detection. Fig 2 shows a typical experimental setup using a gamma ray detector. 

These gamma-ray detections of5 Co and 57Co in supernova 1987A are among the most important observations in the history of astronomy. This gave birth to a... 

Gamma ray detection Counter detector Nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum is analyzed by a computer and give digital images... 

Fig. 5.32. Gamma-ray detection energy interval for different types of detection.

Lamanna G. High-energy gamma-ray detection with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on board the International Space Station . Nuclear Physics B (Proc. Suppl.) 113 (2002) 177-185. 

The directions of emission of millions of such pairs of gamma rays detected over several minutes allow for a computer reconstruction of an image of the tissue containing the positron emitter. 

K.S. Shah, Y. Glodo, M. Klugerman, L. Cirignano, W.W. Moses, S.E. Derenzo andM.J. Weber, LaCl3 Ce Scintillators for Gamma Ray Detection, Nucl. Instrum. Method A-505 (2002) 76-81. 

Figure 9.13 Four examples of response functions (a) 5-MeV Alpha particles detected by a silicon surface barrier detector (Chap. 13), or 20-keV X-rays detected by a Si(Li) reactor (Chap. 12). ib) 1-MeV Gamma ray detected by a NaI(Tl) crystal (Chap. 12). (c) 1-MeV Electrons detected by a plastic scintillator (Chap. 13). (

Three types of radiation detectors are in common use the gas-ionization detector, the scintillation detector, and the solid-state (or semiconductor) detector. Generally, the type used depends on the specific application. Gas-ionization detectors are commonly used for inexpensive detection of charged particles, scintillation detectors for beta- and gamma-ray detection, and solid-state detectors for x-ray and gamma-ray detection. The operation and properties of these detectors will be briefly described. 

Sodium iodide detector crystals give good efficiency for gamma-ray detection due to the high atomic... 

After the ko method was introduced (Simonits et al. 1975), the development of the method required many years of hard work. The ko values were accmately measmed for the gamma rays of 112 nuclides (Simonits et al. 1980 Moens et al. 1984 De Corte et al. 1989a) produced by neutron irradiation, as were other activation and decay properties (De Corte et al. 1989a De Corte and Simonits 1989 De Corte et al. 1989b). The model for the activation process needed to take into account the complex neutron spectrum of any research reactor. Initially, the ko method was seen mainly as a method for modeling the activation process. Of course, the gamma-ray detection process is equally important and the models for it are much more... 

Other uncertainties in the gamma-ray detection yield, unrelated to counting geometry, are matrix effects that can suppress some gamma rays by self-absorption. These effects are gamma-ray energy dependent, and can be mathematically or experimentally corrected. 

Almost any type and size of reactor can do some instrument testing and calibrations, even if it is just for low level radiation protection instruments. Typically the work involves neutron and/or gamma ray detection instruments that need to be tested to ensure that they have the appropriate characteristics and need to be calibrated to ensure accurate readings. 

Nearly all chemical elements have a unique and well-known neutron-induced gamma-ray spectral signature. Because of their intimate connection with basic and applied nuclear physics, detailed tables of nuclear energy levels and gamma-ray spectral catalogs and tables have been compiled, [see for example 6,7] From this library of data the gamma rays detected during a PINS assay can be correlated to the elemental composition of the munition fill. 

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