Galene

Galen, a physician whose views outUved him by about a thousand years, died about 200 AD. He beUeved that mercurials were toxic, and did not use any mercury compound therapeutically. However, as a result of Arabian influence, the therapeutic uses of mercury were slowly recognized by Western Europe. In the thirteenth century mercury ointments were prescribed for treating chronic diseases of the skin. Mercury and its compounds, such as mercurous chloride, mercuric oxide, mercuric chloride, and mercuric sulfide, were used widely from the fifteenth to the nineteenth centuries, and to some extent in the twentieth century. During the first half of the twentieth century, the primary therapeutic uses of mercury included bactericidal preparations, such as mercuric chloride, mercuric oxycyanide, and mercuric oxide and diuretics, such as aryl HgX (Novasural) and mercurated ahyl derivatives (14). 

Internally as expressed juice, tincture, extracts, and other galenical preparations. 

Numerous methods for the alkaloidal assay of lobelia and its galenical preparations have been published and two recent critical surveys, by a special committee of the Society of Public Analysts and by Caulkin, indicate that the process of Markwell is satisfactory. Processes for the isolation and separation of the various alkaloids have been protected by patent. Balandin states that Lobelia sessiliflora contains less alkaloid than L. injiata but yields a high-quality lobeline. 

Analyses of Cinchona Barks. For galenical preparations, pharmacopoeia recognition is usually restricted to barks of cultivated cinchona species known to yield total alkaloids satisfactory in composition thus, the British Pharmacopoeia 1932 prescribes the varieties to be used, and specifies not less than 6 per cent, of total alkaloids, of which at least half must be quinine and cinchonidine, determined by the process prescribed. Numerous other processes have been published and references to the more important of these are given under the following headings —identifica-... 

Sabadilla Seeds. Processes for the isolation of the total alkaloids and separation of the components have been published by Wright and Luff, by Bosetti and by G. Merck. The more modem methods used by Poethke, Saito, Seiferle et al., Jacobs and Craig, and others for the alkaloids of white and green hellebores (see below) could no doubt also be used to advantage for sabadilla seed. A test for galenical preparations of sabadilla has been devised by Ramstad depending on the presence of chelidonie acid in the seed. ... 

Agram (Inava) Galenamox (Galen) Efpenix (Toyo Jozo)... 

Tenordate (Zeneca)-comb, Tenormine (Zeneca 1979) Beta-adalat (Bayer)-comb. Kalten (Zeneca)-comb. Tenben (Galen)-comb. Tenif (Zeneca)-comb. 

Galepsend (Galen as Cura-Vent/DA (Dura as maleate)... 

GB Diaricst (Galen)-comb. Bentyl/Phenobarbital Roussel as hydrochloride)... 

LAW) Galfer F.A. (Galen)-comb, calcium salt)-comb. 

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