GAG binding domains

It is believed that under physiological conditions chemokines do not act in solution but are presented to chemokine receptors on leukocytes as ligands immobilized to a solid phase via interaction with GAGs. The interaction of M-T7 with the chemokine GAG binding domains led to the suggestion that M-T7 might prevent the correct localization of chemokines and the... 

Bums, J. M., Gallo, R. C., DeVico, A. L., Lewis, G. K. (1998). A new monoclonal antibody, mAb 4A12, identifies a role for the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) binding domain of RANTES in the antiviral effect against HIV-1 and intracellular Ca2 + signaling. TheJournal of Experimental Medicine, 188, 1917—1927. 

Poxvirus M-T7 MYXV Secreted, binds C, CC and CXC chemokines through GAG binding domain and IFN-y 14... 

Fig. 43. The structure of the CyssHis zinc-binding domain derived from the gag protein p55 from human immunodeficiency virus, as determined by solution NMR methods. [Reprinted with permission from Summers, M. F., South, T. L., Kim, B., Hare, D. R. (1990) Biochemistry 29, 329-340. Copyright 1990 American Chemical Society.]...

The mechanism of action of the 35-kDa CKBP is competitive inhibition of CC-chemokine binding to cellular receptors, inhibiting as a consequence the induction of transient increases in calcium concentrations and the migration of cells aloi chemotactic gtadients. - The M-Tl protein of MYXV has the unique ability to interact with GAGs via a GAG bindii domain at its C-terminus that is not present in other 35-kDa fiunily members. This unique property of M-Tl would retain the protein in the vicinity of infected cells and may enhance its abUity to protect the sites of infection from chemoldne-mediated anti-viral responses. 

EGF epidermal growth factor-like domains, GAG glycosaminoglycan attachment sites, HA hyaluronic acid-binding domains. 

Protein kinase B, or Akt, was discovered as the product of an oncogene of the acutely transforming retrovirus AKT8, causing T-cell lymphomas in mice. It encodes a fusion product of a cellular serine/threonine protein kinase and the viral structural protein Gag. This kinase is similar to both protein kinase Ce (PKCe 73% identity to the catalytic domain) and protein kinase A (PKA 68%). It differs from other protein kinases in that it contains a pleckstrin homology (PH) domain, which allows it to bind to polyphosphoinositide head groups (and also to G-protein fly subunits). To date, three subtypes have been identified a, (3, and y, all of which show a broad tissue distribution. It... 

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