G-compartment

Naruse, T., Rangwala, A. S., Ringwelski, B. A., Utiskul, Y., Wakatsuki, K. and Quintiere, J. G., Compartment fire behavior under limited ventilation, in Fire and Explosion Hazards, Proceedings of the 4th International Seminar, Fire SERT, University of Ulster, Northern Ireland, 2004, pp. 109-120. 

Mk is the mass fraction of K compartment in the biomass, kK is the rate constant for K consumption, mQ is the maintenance rate for G compartment,... 

Yk/s is the yield coefficient for conversion of substrate to K compartment, and Y0/k is the yield coefficient for conversion of K compartment to G compartment. 

An unsegregated-structured two-compartment representation considers biomass as being divided into two compartments, the K-compartment and the G-compartment. These two compartments contain specific groupings of macromolecules, namely the K-compartment is identified with RNA, carbohydrates and monomers of macromolecules, while the G-compartment is identified with proteins, DNA and lipids. 

Casamatta G. Compartment de la population des gouttes dans une colonne detraction transport, rupture, coalescence, transfer de matiere. Ph.D. dissertation, Institute National Poly technique de Toulouse, Toulouse, France, 1981. 

Requiring patients to produce containers when they attend the doctor, who counts the tablets, seems to do little more than show the patient that the doctor cares about the matter (which is useful) and a tablet absent from a container has not necessarily entered the patient s body. On the other hand, although patients are known to practise deliberate deception, to maintain effective deception successfully over long periods requires more effort than most patients are likely to make. The same applies to the use of monitored-dosage systems (e.g. compartmented boxes) as memory aids and to electronic containers that record times of opeiring. 

Fig. 18. The model for the redox-driven translocation of a metal ion between a two compartments ligand. The metal center exists in two oxidation states of comparable stability, connected by a fast and reversible one-electron redox change. The two compartments display different coordinating tendencies, e.g., compartment A is hard, compartment B is soft. In these circumstances, the oxidized metal (the smaller ball) will prefer to stay in compartment A, whereas the reduced form (larger ball) will occupy compartment B. Therefore, it is expected that, following consecutive oxidation/reduction, the metal center will translocate sequentially between A and B...

Under this single input-single output scheme, all mammillary compartment models are identifiable. If, however, transfer to any peripheral compartment is unidirectional or irreversible, the model will become unidentifiable (Model B in Fig. 1.15). The model will become identifiable if a sample is collected from the compartment having irreversible gain from the central compartment, e.g., Compartment 2 in Model B. If the transfer between compartments is reversible, i.e., material can flow to the peripheral compartment from the central compartment and then back to the central compartment, and if only one peripheral compartment has irreversible loss from the compartment the model is identifiable (Model C in Fig. 1.15). But if two or more peripheral compartments have irreversible loss from them, the model will become unidentifiable (Model D in Fig. 

Figure 4.8. Block diagram of a two>compartment model (K and G) of cells following the concept of Williams (1967,1975). The rates are Tsk = rate of conversion of substrate to K compartment, = rate of conversion of K to G compartment, and = rate of depolymerization of G to K compartment. (From Williams (1967) and Harder and Roels (1982).)...

The G compartment is assumed to be synthesized from the K compartment under the catalytic action of the K compartment. The latter compartment is thought to be synthesized from substrate under the catalytic action of the G compartment. This is a great simplification of the complexity of the cellular processes, but is significantly closer to reality than the unstructured approach. A computer simulation of the Williams model is shown in Fig. 5.67, illustrating the basic behavior of the two-compartment model (Williams, 1967). 

Transformation of the K compartment into the G compartment (rate and stoichiometry kg)- The following relationship is proposed ... 

The balance equations for the rate of change of the substrate concentrations, the biomass concentration, and the fraction of the G compartment are now obtained by the application of the formalism treated by Harder and Roels (1982). The resulting equations are... 

The particular model presented, however, must be considered as a preliminary proposal because many of the kinetic assumptions do not rest on solid biochemical facts about the internal regulation of the cell. Furthermore, there are difficulties in identifying the compositional nature of the K and G compartments in terms of structural components of the cell. It is clear that a more thorough study of known regulation phenomena and an empirical study of transient situations, for example in continuous culture, is needed, especially in the CSTR. 

The minerals are held in different forms in the body, which can be considered as compartments. There is a central reserve or interchange compartment, which is usually blood plasma, and one or more compartments that interchange the mineral with the central compartment at various rates, e.g. compartments easy or difficult to mobilise. Metabolic processes take place via the central reserve (plasma), which receives minerals from other compartments, the digestive tract and the difficult to mobilise compartment. The central reserve secretes mineral into the readily mobilised compartments, the difficult to mobilise compartment, the gastrointestinal tract, the kidneys and milk. The flux between the compartments can be measured by a combination of balance trials and injection of radioactive marker followed by sampling the tissues over time. An example of the body compartments of copper is shown in Fig. 6.1. 

---