Future Directions of Research and Development

The handbook will appear over several years with a total of ten to fifteen volumes. Each volume of the series will be devoted to a specific sub-field of the fundamentals or application of molecular sieve materials and contain five to ten articles authored by renowned experts upon invitation by the editors. These articles are meant to present the state of the art from a scientific and, where applicable, from an industrial point of view, to discuss critical pivotal issues and to outline future directions of research and development in this sub-field. To fhis end, fhe series is infended as an up-to-date highly sophisticated collection of information for those who have already been dealing with zeolites in industry or at academic institutions. Moreover, by emphasizing the description and critical assessment of experimental techniques which have been used in molecular sieve science, the series is also meant as a guide for newcomers, enabling them to collect reliable and relevant experimental data. 

The purpose of this chapter is to provide a detailed review of separators used in Li-Ion battery applications and their chemical, mechanical, and electrochemical properties. The separator requirements, properties, and characterization techniques are also described with respect to Li-Ion batteries. Despite the widespread use of separators, a great need still exists for improving the performance, increasing its life, and reducing cost. In the following Sections an attempt is made to discuss key issues in various separators with the hope of bringing into focus present and future directions of research and development in separator technologies. 

This chapter is devoted primarily to the consideration of the present and future areas of application for advanced cement-based composites, and to the new directions of research and development imposed by these applications. 

Although a variety of self-report methods have been developed for and used in research in other areas such as memory, decision making, educational psychology, instruction, and clinical psychology (17,18), they have yet to be fully implemented in research on sleep deprivation. The purpose of this chapter is to examine the literature on verbal reports in sleep deprivation and to discuss future directions of research in the sleep deprivation field using verbal reports. 

CFD has now become a somewhat mature field, in which the basics of algorithm development associated with the finite difference and finite volume methodologies have been relatively well established. However, there are certain issues yet to be well resolved, on which future directions of research related to these topics can be based ... 

Current Research and Future Direction of Carbon Membrane Development for Gas Separation... 

What are the trends in LIMS evaluation The current systems mainly support sample management and are related to analytical laboratories. Future systems have to be enhanced with functions for planning and managing projects. Laboratories in the fields of research and development as well as in preparative chemistry are less well supported. In newer developments LIMSs are acquiring the character of organization information systems with interfaces to other internal and external information systems. Current LIMSs collect, process, print, and manage information, but they do not learn . Plausibility is checked only on a numerical basis without analytical experience. A possible trend is in the direction of expert systems, but such systems may prove too expensive. 

P. C. Andricacos and N. Robertson, Future directions in electroplated materials for thin-film recording heads, IBM Journal of Research and Development, vol. 42, no. 5, pp. 671-680, 1998. 

Prior to reviewing the specific indications and agents which are presently available for use, it may be helpful to create a construct which can be used to identify the specific characteristics of an ideal agent [3] in order to help evaluate the present agents and the directions in which future research and development will proceed. Specifically, a construct can consist of five different categories. 

Writing here in a popular and well illustrated style, leading young scientists describe their research and give their visions offuture developments. The book conveys the excitement and enthusiasm ofthe young authors. It offers definitive reviews for people with a general interest in the future directions of science, ranging from researchers to scientifically minded school children. 

In 1996, about 10 years after the introduction of the first recombinant DNA product for human use, the FDA modified and streamlined the approval process for biotechnology products considered to be well characterized. These modifications, in essence, established the direction of how biologic macromolecules are researched and developed today in biotechnology-based and traditional pharmaceutical companies [2]. Well-characterized biotechnology products include (1) synthetic peptides consisting of fewer than 20 amino acids, (2) monoclonal antibodies and derivatives, and (3) recombinant DNA-derived products. Anticipating future developments, the FDA is also prepared to consider DNA plasmid products as well-characterized when the first medicinal in this class is submitted for approval. CBER now approves well-characterized biopharmaceuticals under the BLA process [3]. 

Research and development of PAEH is continuing. New polymers with unusual properties will undoubtedly be forthcoming. More emphasis will be directed towards the evaluation of PAEHs for specific applications. Because of the attractive properties offered by these materials, the future looks very promising. Certain members of the PAEH family are expected to become commercially available and be used in a variety of high performance applications. 

---