Fused salt electrodeposition

Electrolysis through fused salts. Electrodeposition of metal fuel through a fused-salt electrolyte to separate uranium and plutonium from fission products was studied at Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory [N6]. 

Fused-salt electroplating, which is commonly referred to as metal-liding, is a process for surface modification and surface hardening by electrodeposition fiom fused-salt electrolytes. Two unique aspects of this electrodeposition process are (1) elements that cannot be plated by conventional processes may plate by fused-salt electrodeposition and (2) if the deposition rate is controlled to match the diffusion rate of the... 

Fused salt electrodeposition (electrodeposition) Electrodeposition using a fused salt, such as a chloride or a fluoride, as the electrolyte instead of an aqueous electrolyte. See also Metalliding. 

Fused salt metalliding (electrodeposition) The deposition of a film or coating using fused salt electrodeposition. Often the deposited material reacts extensively with the substrate surface, forming an alloy or a compound. See also Fused salt electrodeposition Metalliding. 

It has been shown that the electrodeposition of molybdenum chalcogenides from high-temperature molten salts can give large, well-defined crystals of these compounds. The preparation of M0S2 as well as WS2 by electrolytic reduction of fused salts was first reported by Weiss [145], who produced small hexagonal blue-gray platelets under drastic conditions of electrolysis. Schneemeyer and Cohen... 

Electrodeposition of alloys Electrolysis has also been used in order to obtain several metal compounds and alloys via the simultaneous co-deposition, from aqueous solutions or fused salts of the metal components. 

Another electrolysis process involves electrodeposition of dense, high-puri-ty tantalum metal. In this electrolysis, electrolyte consists of potassium fluotantalate and potassium fluoride and the anode is made of tantalum upon which electrodeposition from the fused salt occurs. 

Electrodeposition of metals involves the reduction of metal ions from aqueous, organic, and fused-salt electrolytes. The reduction of metal ions Mz+ in aqueous solution is represented by... 

Electrolytic processes. Because of the positive oxidation potential for plutonium metal to displace hydrogen from aqueous solution, as shown in Table 9.7, nonaqueous solutions such as fused salts must be used for the electrodeposition of plutonium metal. One process involves the electrolysis of a molten equimolar mixture of LiCl-KCl containing 30 w/o FuQs. The melt is contained in a MgO-TiOi crucible heated to 950 C, with an anode through which chlorine gas can be introduced... 

Horizons Titanium Corporation, U.S. A. Fused Salt Bath for the Electrodeposition of the Polyvalent Metals Titanium, Tantalum and Vanadium. British Patent 791,151 (1958). 

Horizon Titanium Corp. (1958) Fused-salt bath for electrodeposition of multiralent metals Ti, Nb, Ta, and V. British Patent 791,151. 

Makyta M., Danek V., Haarberg G.M. and Thonstad J. Electrodeposition of titanium diboride from fused salts, (1996), J. Appl. Electrochem., 26, 319-324. 

DeMattei,etal. (69), in a limited study in 1978, studied the conditions necessary for the stable growth of GaP epitaxial layers on Si and GaP substrates. They identified the variables critical to controlling the morphology and uniformity of electrodeposited GaP layers. They used the same fused salt composition and range of deposition temperatures (750 - 900°C) as Cuomo and Gambino. The electrochemical cell reactions for GaP at the cathode were probably ... 

Several of the electroanalytical methods discussed elsewhere have been successfully applied in non-aqueous solvents. The other main interest centres round the electrodeposition of the active metals, Na, Ca, Al, etc., for which mixtures of fused salts are generally used. Solvents such as formamide, acetonitrile or ethylene diamine are possible, but their usefulness is limited by the need for sufficiently well-conducting solutions, and other practical difficulties. Beryllium, titanium and zirconium have been obtained by electrolysing ethereal solutions. The pure salts do not conduct in ether, but by using mixtures, e.g. of LiBH4 and the metal chloride or bromide, the necessary conductivity is achieved and good deposits of the metals have been obtained. 

Electroless nickel-phosphorus should not be used with either fused or hot, strong, aqueous caustic solutions because the coating offers lower resistance to attack than does electrodeposited nickel. As-deposited electroless nickel-boron, however, offers good resistance to hot aqueous caustic solutions It is also resistant to solutions of oxidising salts such as potassium dichromate, permanganate, chlorate and nitrate. 

F. Hurley and J. P. Wier, Electrodeposition of Metals from Fused Quaternary Ammonium Salts, /. Electrochem. Soc. 98 203 (1951). 

Hurley FH, Wier TP (1951) Electrodeposition of metals from fused quaternary ammonium salts. J Electrochem Soc 98 203-206... 

An adaptation of a particulate bed cell which enables the production of metal onto a particulate substrate without fusing the bed together is the pulsed percolated porous electrode (pppe). This cell uses a regular pulse of upflowing electrolyte to unsettle a particulate bed during electrodeposition. An industrial prototype has been built in France by the Martineau Co. who specialise in the recovery of photographic fixing salts. The unit has also been tested on a cadmium effluent [18]. 

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