Fungi germination

Infected grain is planted seed and fungi germinate together and thus young shoots are infected. From the secondary infection, spores are carried to developing grain. 

The spores of lichenized and nonlichenized fungi germinate and produce hyphae which are divided into cells by means of cross walls called septa. These cells are characterized by their basic cylindrical form and thin walls... 

The effect of flavonoids on spore germination and hyphal growth of ecto-mycorrhizal fungi is poorly known. However, several metabolites relea.sed by the plant roots trigger events leading to their infection (44,55). In the saprotrophic phase, spores of several ectomycorrhizal fungi respond to stimulation by abietic acid, the diterpene resin acid, in root exudates (56). 

It seems most likely that the presence of the styrene compound was at least partially responsible for the inhibition of prickly sida germination and root length, since ferulic acid alone (prickly sida seed without carpels plus ferulic acid) had no effect on prickly sida germination or root length (Table XI). The decarboxylation of phenolic acids to corresponding styrenes is known from studies on fungi and bacteria (60, 61). However, in a number of studies directly concerned with the microbial decomposition of ferulic acid, as well as other phenolic acids, no mention is made of any styrene compounds produced as a result of phenolic acid decarboxylation (62, 63, 64, 65). 

Macko V (1981) Inhibitors and stimulants of spore germination and infection structure formation in fungi. In Turian G, Holh HR (eds) The fungal spore morphogenetic controls. Academic Press, New York, p 565... 

Novel cyclohexenones, acremines A-F (109-114), were isolated from a mycoparasitic Acremonium sp. from the oomycete pathogen Plasmopara viticola on Vitis vinifera cv. Regina blanca. Compounds 109-112 inhibited germination of the pathogen, and the most activity was shown by acremine C (111). This work may lead to a mechanism for the mycocidal activity of mycoparasitic fungi. 

In soil that has not had recent additions of plant residue or other organic material, microbial respiration proceeds at a low rate (13). Moreover, fungi apparently exist mostly as spores in a state of fungistasis. This microflora usually responds to the addition of plant residue by spore germination, increased respiration, and growth. These responses were induced by volatile components from alfalfa tops, corn leaves, wheat straw, bluegrass clippings, tea leaves, and tobacco leaves, even when the residue... 

A simple lactone, parasorbic acid, from the fruit of mountain ash, inhibits seed germination and also has antibacterial action (75). Another such compound, patulin, is produced by several fungi, including Penicillium urticae, which produced large amounts of the substance when growing on wheat straw (76). 

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