Function of NaCl concentration

Figure 1. Anion-free Water As A Function of NaCl Concentration.

Fig. 14.5 (a) Normalised MBSL intensity as a function of NaCl concentration under sonication at 20 kHz and 515 kHz (reprinted with permission from the American Chemical Society), (b) Normalised MBSL intensity as a function of 02 solubility for various salts under 515 kHz sonication [39] (reprinted with permission from Elsevier)... 

As the redispersion region may be the result of a charge reversal, the electrophoretic mobilities of the MCC sols as a function of NaCl concentration were determined. No charge reversal was detected and the mobility of the particles decreased from 3.5 to 2.6 mobility units in a linear manner with increasing salt concentration indicating that the redispersion region was not caused by charge reversal. 

Table 1. Relative Filtration Time of MCC Sols as a Function of NaCl Concentration at 23°C...

To explore the differences between the methods, we use spece8 to calculate at 25 °C the solubility of gypsum (CaSCU 2H2O) as a function of NaCl concentration. We use two datasets thermo.dat, which invokes the B-dot equation, and thermo hmw. dat, based on the hmw model. The log K values for the gypsum dis-... 

Fig. 8.6. Solubility of gypsum (CaSCU 2H2O) at 25 °C as a function of NaCl concentration, calculated according to the Harvie-M0ller-Weare and B-dot (modified Debye-Hiickel) activity models. Circles and squares, respectively, show experimental determinations by Marshall and Slusher (1966) and Block and Waters (1968).

Fig. 8.7. Molal concentrations m, and activities a, of calcium and sulfate species in equilibrium with gypsum at 25 °C as functions of NaCl concentration, calculated using the B-dot equation (left) and the hmw activity model (right).

Fig. 3. Electrophoretic mobility of Aerosil-380 silica particles as a function of NaCl concentration (pH = 6).

The Effect of NaCl on the Electrophoretic Mobility of PS Latex Particle. The em of the Dow 357 nm latex in the H-form and Na-form, along with two other Dow monodisperse latexes in the H-form with diameters of 795 and 1100 nm, was measured as a function of NaCl concentration. The results in Figure 1 show that the em for all three latexes increased with increasing concentration of NaCl to a maximum at about 1 x 10 "2 M NaCl followed by a rapid decrease. Converting the electrophoretic mobility to zeta potential, using tables derived by Ottewill and Shaw (6) from the results of Wiersma et al. in order to account for relaxation and retardation effects, led to the same dependency as shown in Figure 2. 

Figure 1. Electrophoretic mobility of PS latexes ((%) Na-form 357 nm (O) H-Form 357 nm (A) 795 nm (Q) 1100 nm) as a function of NaCl concentration...

Fig. 6 Experimentally determined grafting distance b (a) and shell thickness D (b) as a function of NaCl-concentration for PEE-PSSH. Different behavior at low salt ( osmotic brush ) and high salt concentration ( salted brush ) can well be distinguished [49]...

The ODN adsorption onto cationic polystyrene latexes as a function of NaCl concentration and at acidic pH was investigated [24] and found to be slightly influenced by the salinity as given in Fig. 5. At acidic pH, the adsorbed amount of ODN decreased markedly as the salinity increases, compared to the adsorption at basic pH. For such a highly charged colloidal system, the effect of salt was attributed to the reduction in the attractive electrostatic interaction. 

Table II. Endothermic DSC peak characteristics as a function of NaCl concentration at pH 7.0...

The results of the measurements equilibrium thickness of foam films from lyso PC as a function of NaCl concentration are shown in Fig. 3.49. At low electrolyte concentration thick equilibrium films that gradually decreased in thickness with increase in Cei were formed. When Cei exceed 10 3 mol dm 3, black spot formation occurred and spontaneous transition from silver to 7.6 nm thick black films was observed in some experiments. At 1.3-10 3 mol dm 3 NaCl predominantly black films were formed. 

Fig. 3.49. Equivalent thickness hw of lyso PC foam films as a function of NaCl concentration = 35 Pa ...

The much studied sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) micelle provides a more substantial test. Huisman measured the variation of cmc and N for these micelles as a function of NaCl concentration from 0 to 0.3 mol dm (see also Emerson and Holtzer ). In eqn (4.9) all parameters except M are weakly dependent on salt concentration. Fig. 3 shows the plot of In (cmc) against The best fit straight... 

Open symbols in the figure correspond to the measured rupture disjoining pressures of the single aqueous SDS foam films as a function of NaCl concentration at two surfactant concentrations. Upward directed arrows on some of the experimental points indicate that the rupture pressure is larger than the value shown. Dashed lines simply sketch in the observed trends that increased surfactant and salt concentrations yield increased values of n. Conversely, closed symbols correspond to the measured steady pressure gradients for the same solutions. Solid lines again indicate the trends. 

Fig. 17.8. Activity coefficient of H2S(ag) at various temperatures as a function of NaCl concentration. Data from Barrett et al. (1988).

Figure 5.7 Relative changes in charge transfer (s.QIQq (AQ = Q — Qq, where go is the charge transfer at [NaCl] = 0 and g at a certain NaCl concentration) as a function of NaCl concentration for an electrode covered by an aptamer and in presence of 2 p,M MB (1) without thrombin and (2) in the presence of 10 nM thrombin. A 32-mer DNA aptamer (3 -biotin-GGG TTT TCA CTT TTG TGG GTT GGT GTG GTT GG-5 ) was immobilized to the gold surface covered by avidin. [Adapted from Hianik et al. (2007), with permission from Elsevier.]...

Fig. 36. Swelling equilibria for MAPTAC-SSS amphoteric hydrogels as a function of NaCl concentration. [MAPTAC]/[SSS]=7 1 (curve 1), 3.3 1 (curve 2), 1.8 1 (curve 3)y 1 1 (curve 4) [156]...

A typical diagram of oxygen evolution in PSII particles as a function of NaCl concentration is given in Fig. 3 (inset). One sees that OEA increases with salt content to reach a plateau at about 15 mM NaCl which extends up to at least 100 mM (see in this respect [9,13]). This trend is not verified in PSn-PGV (cf. Fig. 3), i.e., at 100 mM NaCl the PSII-PGV display an activity which is lower than OEA observed at 15 mM. The sharpest decline is between pH 3 and 6. 

Emulsion pressure drop results as a function of NaCl concentration in sand pack experiments follow closely the separation rate results from batch settling tests at 25°C with a pronounced minimum at 1.5% NaCl. 

Figure 10 shows that the power-law index approached a limiting value closer to unity as NaCl concentration was increased. Similar to the results shown in Figure 9, the power-law index was a strong function of NaCl concentration only at NaCl concentrations < 1 wt%. The deviation from a Newtonian behavior (n = 1) increased as the polymer concentration was increased. 

Fig. 8.18. Cl excess line width as a function of NaCl concentration in solutions of human oxy and deoxy hemoglobin at pH 7.45 to 7.50. The excess line widths were proportional to the hemoglobin concentration and have here been normalized to a protein concentration of 1,5 % by weight. Key to the symbols o, (i and refer to oxyhemoglobin V refers to methemoglobin , D and refer to deoxyhemoglobin. The full curves are theoretical ones calculated with the use of Eq. (8.42) using the following parameters for oxyhemoglobin Kg = 10 M , ngCT B)" = 5.8 10 sec , ...

Fig. V.8. Adhesion number of spherical glass particles adhering to various surfaces after the evaporation of the drop, as a function of NaCl concentration in the liquid. 1) Surface coated with per-chlorvinyl enamel 2) ordinary glass 3) painted and hydrophobized glass.

Fig. 7. Effect of Na binding on the equilibrium between denatured and renatured forms of 5S RNA ( . co/i). Ratio of concentrations of D form to (R form -i- D form) at different temperatures as a function of NaCl concentration, [NaCl] in M [75L2].

In Fig. 4.4 the ratio is plotted as a function of NaCl concentration for the same modified polymers as those of Fig. 4.2. It is obvious that for three of the polymers (3-C12, 3-C14 and 3-C18) the pyrene experiences a transition from a high polarity environment to a lower polarity one... 

---