Fullerene-based solid-state electrolytes

Other examples have shown that pristine fullerenes serve as electron shuttles in liquid-based electrolytes [100,101], In this context, clusters of pristine fullerenes were deposited on top of Ti02 electrodes that were modified with ruthenium (II) complex, porphyrins, and fluorescein. All of these examples featured overall enhancements of 

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The aim of this chapter is to give a state-of-the-art report on the plastic solar cells based on conjugated polymers. Results from other organic solar cells like pristine fullerene cells [7, 8], dye-sensitized liquid electrolyte [9], or solid state polymer electrolyte cells [10], pure dye cells [11, 12], or small molecule cells [13], mostly based on heterojunctions between phthaocyanines and perylenes [14], will not be discussed. Extensive literature exists on the fabrication of solar cells based on small molecular dyes with donor-acceptor systems (see for example [2, 3] and references therein). 

It is the purpose of this chapter to introduce photoinduced charge transfer phenomena in bulk heterojunction composites, i.e., blends of conjugated polymers and fullerenes. Phenomena found in other organic solar cells such as pristine fullerene cells [11,12], dye sensitised liquid electrolyte [13] or solid state polymer electrolyte cells [14], pure dye cells [15,16] or small molecule cells [17], mostly based on heterojunctions between phthalocyanines and perylenes [18] or other bilayer systems will not be discussed here, but in the corresponding chapters of this book. 

R. Maruyama, M. Siraishi, K Hinokuma, A. Yamada and M. Ata, Electrolysis of water vapor using a fullerene-based electrolyte, Electrochem. Solid State Lett., 2002, 5, A74-A76. 

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