Fullerene based solids

Fisoher J, Heiney P A and Smith A B III 1992 Solid-state ohemistry of fullerene-based materials Accounts. Chem. Res. 25 112... 

The structure-property relations of fullerenes, fullerene-derived solids, and carbon nanotubes are reviewed in the context of advanced technologies for carbon-based materials. The synthesis, structure and electronic properties of fullerene solids are then considered, and modifications to their structure and properties through doping with various charge transfer agents are reviewed. Brief comments are included on potential applications of this unique family of new materials. 

Fischer, J. E., Heiney, P. A. Smith III, A. B. 1992 Solid-state chemistry of fullerene-based materials. Acc. Chem. Res. 25, 112-118. 

Imahori H, Kashiwagi Y, Hasobe T, et al. Porphyrin and fullerene-based artificial photosynthetic materials for photovoltaics. Thin Solid Films 2004 451-452 580-8. 

Figure 4. Transient states and interconversion pathways for porphyrin-futlerene dyads. The solid bars represent energies for free-base porphyrin-fullerene dyad 26, and the dashed bars represent energies for the zinc-porphyrin-fullerene dyad. Solid bars represent singlet or charge-separated states, and hollow bars stand for triplet states. The energies of the charge-separated states refer to polar solvents.

R. Maruyama, M. Siraishi, K Hinokuma, A. Yamada and M. Ata, Electrolysis of water vapor using a fullerene-based electrolyte, Electrochem. Solid State Lett., 2002, 5, A74-A76. 

Lieber CN, Chen C-C (1994) Preparation of fullerenes and fullerene based materials. In Ehrenreich H, Spaepen F (eds) Solid state physics, vol 48. Academic, Boston, pp 109-148... 

The nanowires are one of the most important classes of compounds among all the nanostructured materials due to their potential as building blocks for functional nanoscale electronics. Higher electrical conductivity of boron-based nanomaterials in the form of tubes, layers, or fullerene-like solids has been predicted, which essentially directs the quest of synthetic strategies toward the feasible routes to prepare boron nanowires in bulk quantities. 

This section discusses the scope of [60]fullerene-based polymer chemistry. These approaches may allow for the development, on a supramolecular level, of unprecedented architectures. Previous sections have dealt primarily with the self-assembly of the [60]fullerene and its derivatives as a result of microphase separation and subsequent formahon of huge [60]fullerene clusters driven by the weak noncovalent forces in the solid state, mesophase and water. To avoid microphase separation, the introduction of functionalized [60]fullerene derivatives into polymer main chains through noncovalent interactions is a very promising approach. The construction of fullerene-containing supramolecular polymers in organic solution is now presented. 

The aim of this chapter is to give a state-of-the-art report on the plastic solar cells based on conjugated polymers. Results from other organic solar cells like pristine fullerene cells [7, 8], dye-sensitized liquid electrolyte [9], or solid state polymer electrolyte cells [10], pure dye cells [11, 12], or small molecule cells [13], mostly based on heterojunctions between phthaocyanines and perylenes [14], will not be discussed. Extensive literature exists on the fabrication of solar cells based on small molecular dyes with donor-acceptor systems (see for example [2, 3] and references therein). 

In this edition, we have incorporated new material in all the chapters and updated references to the literature. New sections dealing with porous solids, fullerenes and related materials, metal nitrides, metal tellurides, molecular magnets and other organic materials have been added. Under preparative strategies, we have included new types of synthesis reported in the literature, specially those based on soft chemistry routes. We have a new section covering typical results from empirical theory and electron spectroscopy. There is a major section dealing with high-temperature oxide superconductors. We hope that this edition of the book will prove to be a useful text and reference work for all those interested in solid state chemistry and materials science. 

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