FT-NIR spectroscopy

Ajayakumar P.V. Chanda D. Pal A. Singh M.P. Samad A. FT-NIR spectroscopy for rapid and simple determination of nimesulide in rabbit plasma for pharmacokinetic analysis. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 2012, 58 (1), 157-162. 

Andersson M, Folestad S, Gottfires J, Johansson MO, Josefson M, Wahlund KG. Quantitative analysis of film coating in a fluidized-bed process by in-line NIR spectroscopy and multivariate batch calibration. Anal Chem 2000 72 2099-2108. Vazquz Elizabeth Rivera Master of Science Thesis, Optimization of Drying-end-points. Measurements for the automation of a fluidized-bed dryer using FT-NIR Spectroscopy, Univ of Puerto Rico, 2004. 

V(acac)3 has several applications, including its use as a component in olefin polymerization catalysts it is air sensitive, undergoing gradual oxidation in moist air to give VO(acac)2. Commercial V(acac)3 is allowed to contain not more than 2.0 wt% of VO(acac)2. Several spectroscopic techniques, such as IR, ESR and NMR, have been used to study the structure and properties of V(acac)3. IR and H NMR spectrometries were used effectively for determination of VO(acac)2 in V(acac)3 however, IR showed lower LOD . FT-NIR spectroscopy was used for the determination of calcium ascorbate in blister packs, tablets, plastic bottles etc.. ... 

Recently Benali et al. (2004) reported the development of a new laboratory-made system that allows the combination of rheometric (Alessi et al, 2005) and spectroscopic (Fourier-transform-near infrared (FT-NIR) spectroscopy) measurements for reactive polyurethane materials along the lines of these principles. 

M Brunner, R Eugster, E Trenka, and Bergamin-Strotz. FT-NIR Spectroscopy and Wood Identification. Holzforschung 50 130-134, 1996. 

Nimaiyar, S. Measurement of Isoflavones, Fatty Acids, and Amino Acids in Soybeans Using FT-NIR Spectroscopy. M.S. Thesis. University of Illinois, Urbana- Champaign, IL, 2004. 

Ertl H., Breit U., Kaltschmidt H., and Oberpriller H., Determination of the HMX and RDX content in synthesized energetic material by HPLC, FT-MIR, and FT-NIR spectroscopies. New separation device that allows fast gas chromatography of large samples, SPIE Proc., 2276, 58-68, 1994. 

Zardetto Dalla Rosa in 2006 studied the evaluation of the chemical and physical characteristics of fresh egg pasta samples obtained by using two different production methodologies extrusion and lamination. Authors evaluated that it is possible to discriminate the two kinds of products by using FT-NIR spectroscopy. FT-NIR analysis results suggest the presence of a different matrix-water association, a diverse level of starch gelatinization and a distinct starch-gluten interaction in the two kinds of pasteurised samples. 

Finally, a quick, non-destructive method, based on Fourier transform near-infrared (FT-NIR) spectroscopy for egg content deteimination of dry pasta was presented by Fodor et al. (2011) with good results. 

Application of FT-NIR Spectroscopy for Monitoring the Kinetics of Living Polymerizations... 

Abstract Fourier-transform near infrared (FT-NIR) spectroscopy in combination with a... 

FT-NIR spectroscopy in combination with a fiber-optic probe was successfully used to monitor living isobutylene, ethylene oxide and butadiene polymerizations using specific monomer absorptions. In the case of EO a temperature dependent induction period was detected when 5ec-BuLi/ BuP4 were used as an initiating system. This demonstrates the usefulness of this technique because this phenomenon had not been observed so far by other methods. We have also successfully conducted experiments in controlled radical polymerization. Then we were able to monitor the RAFT polymerization of A -isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm). Thus it can be expected that with the help of online NIR measurements detailed kinetic data of many polymerization systems will become available which will shed more light onto the reaction mechanisms. Consequently, FT-NIR appears to be a method, which can be applied universally to the kinetics of polymerization processes. 

Heil, C. Rapid, multi-component analysis of soybeans by FT-NIR spectroscopy. Thermo Fisher Scientific application note, www.thermo.com, 2010 Thermo Fisher Scientific, Madison, WI (www.thermofisher.com). 

Klimov, E. Hoffmann, G. G. Gumenny, A. Seisler, H. W., Low-Temperature FT-NIR Spectroscopy of Strain-Induced Orientation and Crystallization in a Poly(dimethylsiloxane) Network. Macromol. Rapid Commun. 2005,26, 1093-1098. 

Ozaki, Y., Liu, Y., Czamecki, M. A., and Noda, I., FT-NIR spectroscopy of some long-chain fatty acids and alcohols, Macmmol. Symp., 94, 51-59, 1995. 

The manual sorting method is labor intensive and requires operators to monitor an assembly line and sort out clear plastic bottles (PET) from the milk containers (HDPE) and colored plastic containers (LDPE, PP, PVC). The automated method can employ one of several analytical techniques, including X-ray fluorescence, mass spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Near Infrared (FT-NIR) spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Medium Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, or tribo-electric analysis, on the recycled plastic materials. The state of Rhode Island has a single stream process to sort out the recycled materials with optical sorting technology. The recycled materials include cardboard, paper, glass, metal, and plastics (Rhode Island 2013). 

However, even in FT-NIR spectroscopy the actual wavelength accuracy depends to a small degree on the optical design of the instrument. The measured wavenumber i/ = v l — (1 /2)a where a is... 

The principles of RAFT polymerization were applied to the polymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm), carried out in the presence of the dithiocarbamates benzyl 1-pyrrolecarbodithioate or cumyl 1-pyrrolecarbodithioate as chain transfer agents in 1,4-dioxane at 60°C. A kinetic investigation using in situ FT-NIR spectroscopy showed very long induction periods, which depended on the nature and concentration of the chain transfer agent. The resulting polymers had polydispersity indices Mw/Mn <1.3 and were analyzed by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, GPC, NMR, and UV spectroscopy [111]. 

The microwave and thermal cure processes for the epoxy-amine systems (epoxy resin diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A, DGEBA) with 4,4 -diaminodiphenyl sulfone (DDS) and 4,4 -diaminodiphenyl methane (DDM) were investigated for 1 1 stoichiometries by using fiber-optic FT-NIR spectroscopy. The kinetic rate parameters for the consumption of amines were determined by a least squares curve fit to a model for epoxy/amine cure. The activation energies for the polymerization of the DGEB A/DDS system were determined for both cure processes and found to be 66 and 69 kJ/mol for the microwave and thermal cure processes, respectively. No evidence was found for any specific effect of the microwave radiation on the rate parameters, and the systems were both found to be characterized by a negative substitution effect [99]. 

A commercial grade of a tetrafunctional epoxy resin (TGDDM) was modified by the addition of a perfluoro-ether oligomer to improve the toughness. The cure characteristics of a typical composition of this mixture were investigated by in situ FT-NIR spectroscopy. The presence of the, fluoro-oligomer induced a two-fold reduction of the initial curing rate [101]. 

FT-NIR spectroscopy via optical fibers was used to monitor the formation of urea-formaldehyde resins in situ. The effects of pH and temperature on the structure were studied. GPC, NMR and Raman measurements were used to elucidate the stmctural characteristics. Resins produced at high... 

Dessipri, E., et al., Use of FT-NIR Spectroscopy for On-Line Monitoring of Formaldehyde-Based Resin Synthesis. Europ. Polym. J., 2003.39 1533-1540. 

Schmalz, H., et al.. Anionic Polymerization of Ethylene Oxide in the Presence of the Phosphazene Base (Bup4)-P-T — Kinetic Investigations Using in-situ FT-NIR Spectroscopy and Maldi-Tof Ms. Macromol. Chem. Phys., 2003. 204 1056-1071. 

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