Tribo-electricity

The Coulomb equation describes tribo-electric charging (Fc) between spherical particle and an adjacent uncharged particle ... 

Tribo electric Based on electrostatic charge environment Only for clean, dry and non-surface-treated... 

In his phenomenological study [1], Briick ordered a number of polymers in a row describing their affinity to become positively or negatively charged when rubbed with each other. Briick s row and other comparable rows first demonstrated the fundamental relationship between the chemical structure of a polymer and its tribo-electrical charging properties. In a former work [2] we followed that idea and showed that the tribo-electrical charging of two polymer species charged in a fluidized bed clearly depends on the affinity of the polymer surface to take up electron... 

The formation of charge domains showed that the fundamental electron transfer process involves a high number of surface sites. The tribo-electric charging of polymers has to be considered as a collective phenomenon. 

The tribo-electric charging of polymers is a collective phenomenon of numerous electron transfer processes in the contact zone of two colliding particles. The SPM technique allows to visualize the charge distribution on polymer surfaces. It was shown that oppositely charge domains can stably exist side by side although considerable filed strengths are present. 

Brighton, 20th-22nd April 1999, p.160-4 SEPARATION OF CABLE-PVC USING TRIBO-ELECTRIC CHARGING... 

Another process, associated with flow, is the tribo-electric effect in which electrons are transferred from one molecule to another during flow. This requires contact between donor and acceptor molecules or ions which are then forced apart and retain their charges. As stressed above, these centres are likely to be paramagnetic and should be detected by ESR spectroscopy. This phenomenon is very well established at the electrostatic level for surface charges, but is sometimes hard to distinguish from bond homolysis in several systems (Symons,... 

Electrostatic-Separation Machines The first electrostatic machines to be used commercially employed the principle of contact electrification. These were free-fall devices incorporating large vertical plates between which an electrostatic field was maintained. Tribo-electric separation (contact charging) has experienced an increase in applications due to advances in mechanical self-cleaning and electrical design as well as the development of efficient precharging techniques. 

This latter reaction would rmih in an increase in ESR intensity and hence would explain the anomalous decay. Son doubt exists whether this proposed mechanism can explain the anomalous decay experienced in tensile tested samples. Firstly the friction effects to produce the tribo-electricity charge are not so clearly present. Secondly, Mead et al have dtown that the peroxy radical content decreases as... 

A type of angle-dependent x-ray photoemission spectroscopy was used to investigate the molecular orientation at the surface of sulfonated polystyrene as a function of reaction depth. A model based on these measurements indicates that at a critical sulfonation depth the aliphatic hydrocarbon backbone becomes exposed preferentially at the surface. These results are consistent with surface energy and tribo-electric charging measurements, which also reveal the effects of associative interactions in the form of conversion dependencies. 

In addition to these four fundamental parameters, special electrical properties are recognised like piezo-, pyro-, ferro- and tribo-electricity and photo voltaic/conducting properties. The contribution in this chapter will be limited to three of the four fundamental parameters AC measurements (1A/1B) and DC measurements (2A). Besides, attention will be given to a kind of combination of AC and DC measurements the thermally stimulated discharge (TSD) analysis technique. An analysis technique used to detect relaxation phenomena in organic and anorganic materials. 

Wet combing, transient shine, no buildup, carrier/diluent, reduced drying times, prevention of clogging or windowing of pumps and valves, resin plasticizer Wet/dry combing, shine, improved feel/softness, reduced tribo-electric charging, humidity resistance, lubricant for pumps and valves, resin plasticizer... 

The manual sorting method is labor intensive and requires operators to monitor an assembly line and sort out clear plastic bottles (PET) from the milk containers (HDPE) and colored plastic containers (LDPE, PP, PVC). The automated method can employ one of several analytical techniques, including X-ray fluorescence, mass spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Near Infrared (FT-NIR) spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Medium Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, or tribo-electric analysis, on the recycled plastic materials. The state of Rhode Island has a single stream process to sort out the recycled materials with optical sorting technology. The recycled materials include cardboard, paper, glass, metal, and plastics (Rhode Island 2013). 

Charge transfer across an interface is a microscopic process, which must occur in essentially every two-phase system. This is the process of contact electrification, and it is closely related to the most ancient of electric phenomena, tribo-electricity. (It is not to be confused with ionization of atoms or molecules.) Once the charge separation has been accomplished, there will be an electrostatic contribution to the mechanical strength of the system. However, it is difficult to measure the charge transfer without separating the two phases and so there has been little success, to date, in quantitative measurement or prediction of the charge separation or of its direct contribution to adhesion. As a result, discussion of this component of adhesion must be somewhat speculative. The remarks here will be confined to the role of the interface and in this regard, matters are fairly clear. 

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