Temperate fruits

Fruits are seasonal in temperate climates, and a good harvest may be followed by a shortage if there is no method of preservation. The hard fruits, apples and pears, have traditionally been stored in cool places and may then last for several months, depending on the variety Refrigeration has extended the storage life, and made this more reliable. 

The family Sapindaceae consists of 140 genera and 1500 species of trees widespread in tropical and subtropical regions. Classic examples of Sapindaceae are the fruit trees Nephelium lappaceum L. and Litchi chinensis Sonn., which provide rambutan and litchi, respectively. Chemically Sapindaceae are well known to abound with saponins and tannins. An example of ornamental Sapindaceae is Koelreuteria paniculata L., or golden rain tree, cultivated in temperate regions. The berries of Sapindus saponaria L., were used as soap by South American Indians, hence the origin of the word Sapindus from sapo and Indus or the soap of the Indies. 

Gut, D. and Weibel, F.P. (2005). Integrated and organic weed control in pome and stone fruit , in Tromp J., Webster A.D. and Wertheim S J. Fundamentals of Temperate Zone Tree Fruit Production, Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, The Netherlands, 372-377. 

Generally <1 hour in temperate climates Colorless to yellowish liquid Similar to rotting fruit... 

CASTOR OIL (Ricinns communis Emiharbiiiceae) CAS HOOI-79-4). Castor oil is obtained from a short lived perennial tree that occurs wild in tropical Africa and perhaps in India. Cultivation of the tree is widespread not only in the tropics but also in temperate regions, where it is often grown as an ornamental plant In the tropics it becomes a iree 36 feet tall, with large coarse leaves often of reddish color, and green flowers. An annual herbaceous variety is grown widely and produces a superior oil. The seeds, borne three in each of the smooth or prickly capsules, have a hard molded shell. These seeds are ejected violently from the mature fruit. 

Sedentary adults in a temperate climate need to consume about 21 of water per day, a figure that can substantially increase when high temperature and/or physical activity causes significant sweating. Soft drinks and fruit juices provide a valuable water source, as shown in Table 13.1. 

This is a family of ihe Old World tropics, but Asimina is also found in temperate regions including the United Stales. The Anno-naceae are familiar as a source of edible fruits throughout the world (custard apple, cherimoya, soursop, etc.). 

The family is mostly tropical and subtropical but extends into temperate areas including a few representatives in the United Stales. In the New World, we recognize some genera as ornamentals (e.g., the calla lily) in the Old World, some roots are used as food (e.g., taro) as are the fruits of Monslera species. 

A few members of the family arc found in South America but as a group the Berberidaceae are chiefly north temperate. Many are used as ornamentals and some bear edible fruit. 

With major representation in tropical and warm zones and a few temperate species, the Gbenaceae are known for timbers (ebony) and fruits (persimmons). 

A family of tropical and warm areas with some in temperate regions, the Moraceae furnish several edible fruits, including mulberries and figs. The well-known and economically important hops as well as Cannabis were previously included in this family. 

A warm-temperate family, most strongly represented in Australia, the Myrtaceae have given us Eucalyptus, edible fruits, spices, medicinals, and ornamentals. 

With tropical and a few temperate species, this family furnishes some edible fruits and tubers as well as ornamentals and several weeds. 

Tropical and warm temperate areas are the ranges of this family, especially in the Americas. Some species yield edible fruits, others arc ornamentals, and a few have been used medicinally. 

This is a well-known, subcosinopolilan family especially of warm temperate regions. Many of our common fruits, fragrant oils, and popular garden plants are found in this family. 

The members of this family are mostly tropical with a few temperate representatives. Several economic products come from the family the latex is used in chewing gum edible fruits, oils, guttapercha, and timber are also produced. A proteinaceous sweetener several times sweeter than sugar is also known from the family. 

It is a subcosmopolitan family found mostly in north temperate and cold regions. A few cultivated ornamentals and edible fruits are its only economic importance. 

This is essentially a family of tropical to warm regions with extension into temperate areas (grapes). The fermented juice of the grape has been known since ancient times and cultivated varieties of the fruit are many. Otherwise, the family is known for some house plants. 

Atkinson, D. and G.C. White (1980). The effects of weeds and weed control on temperate fruit orchards and their environment. 

Kavanaugh, T. (1969). The influence of herbicides on plant disease I. Temperate fruit and hops. Scientific Proceedings Research Society (Dublin). R. Ser. B, 2 179-190. 

Robinson, D.W. (1974). Some long-term effects of noncultivation methods of soil management on temperate fruit crops. 19th International Horticulture Congress, Warsawa, pp. 79-91. 

The tropical oil crops, coconut and palm, are the most efficient oil-producing crops, with coconut plantations yielding up to 2 tonnes per hectare of oil and the best performing palm plantations from 5-6 tonnes per hectare. By comparison, oil yields of temperate oil crops are typically of the order of 1-2 tonnes per hectare for the best oil-yielding crops (oilseed rape and sunflower). Clearly, Table 2.1 represents only a small fraction of oil-bearing plant species. Many other seed, fruit and nut oils are extracted for food use, however unless they contain fatty acid profiles or fatty acid derivatives of specific industrial interest, total oil-yield, fatty acid yield and cost of the final oil product tends to limit their use in industrial applications on all but a small or localised scale. 

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