Frost device

Molecular orbitals below the midpoint of the cyclic structure are bonding molecular orbitals, those above the midpoint are antibonding molecular orbitals, and any at the midpoint are nonbonding molecular orbitals. This simple scheme is sometimes called a Frost device (or a Frost circle) in honor of Arthur A. Frost, the scientist who devised it. 

A useful mnemonic device for quickly setting down the HMOs for cyclic systems is Frosts circle.If a regular polygon of n sides is inscribed in a circle of diameter 4/3 with one comer at the lowest point, the points at which the comers of the polygon touch the circle define the energy levels. The energy levels obtained for benzene and cyclobutadiene with Frost s circle are shown in Fig. 1.12. 

M.C. Frost, M.M. Reynolds, and M.E. Meyerhoff, Polymers incorporating nitric oxide releasing/gener-ating substances for improved biocompatibility of blood-contacting medical devices. Biomaterials 26, 1685-1693 (2005). 

Frost Sullivan Research World Rechargeable Battery Markets for Mobile IT and Communication Devices (A575-27) 2002. 

Lysaght, M.J., Ford, C.A., Colton, C.K. et al. (1977) Mass transfer in clinical blood ultrafiltration devices, in Technical Aspects of Renal Dialysis (ed. T.M. Frost), Pitman Medical, London, UK. 

A. A. Frost, B. Musulin, J. Chem. Phys. 21, 572 (1953). A Mnemonic Device for Molecular Orbital Energies. 

Nearly 6000 device companies comprise an industry with an estimated worldwide market of 140 billion. Eighty percent of these companies have fewer than 50 employees, with the 17 largest manufacturers capturing 65% of the total market. (3. U.S. Medical Devices Market Outlook. A404-54. New York Frost Sullivan, 2003 1-15-1-16). The 2003 medical device market in the United States alone was 63.2 billion. Venture capital plays a crucial role in the funding and advancement of the device industry, allowing individual inventors to develop and market their products. Conversely, the pharmaceutical industry is driven by a handful of multibillion-dollar global corporations. 

In 1986, Bice, Wagner, Frost et al. developed a simplified detection system for neuroreceptor studies in the human brain (Bice et al., 1986). The device, called HEADS, was patented 1988 (patent 4,712, 561), but never licensed for commercial development. In 1953, Brownell and Sweet had used a single pair of simple radiation detectors for localization of brain tumors (Brownell and Sweet, 11,40,1953). 

DEFROST TIMER - Device connected into electrical circuit which shuts unit off long enough to permit ice and frost accumulation on evaporator to melt. 

FREEZE-UP - (1) Formation of ice in the refrigerant control device which may stop the flow of refrigerant into the evaporator. (2) Frost formation on an evaporator which may stop the airflow through the evaporator. 

LOW TEMPERATURE CUTOUT, REFRIGERATON - A pressure or temperature actuated device with sensing element in the evaporator, which will shut the system down at its control setting to prevent freezing chilled water or to prevent coil frosting. Direct expansion equipment may not use this device. 

Frost GD, Penrose A, HaU J, MacKenzie DI. Asthma-related prescribing patterns with four different corticosteroid inhaler devices. Respir Med 1998 92 1352-1358. 

The two operating systems interface with the Octopus network environment to provide parallel services for applications programs. This compatibility is reflected in the use of the general term, Livermore Time Sharing System (LTSS), to encompass both systems. FROST and FLOE interface with the Octopus network to provide interactive and file transfer support for the over 700 on-site terminals and the LLL mass storage devices. Each operating system occupies about twenty percent of the resident worker computer s core memory with approximately three-fifths of this space allotted to system tables. 

Frost, A.A. Musulin. B.J. Mnemonic device for molecular-orbital energies. Chem. Phys. 1953. 21. 572. 

Fleming RR., M.W. Frost, and C.D.F. Rogers. 2000. A comparison of devices for measuring stiffness in situ. Proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium on Unbound Aggregates in Roads, UNBAR 5, pp. 193-200. Nottingham, UK. 

A typical blown film extrusion device is shown in Figure 1.7. The molten polymer from the extruder enters the die and is forced around a mandrel and emerges from a ring shaped die. The extruded film tube is then expanded to a specific diameter by air pressure from the center of the mandrel. As the bubble expands, film thickness decreases. The "frost line" shown in Figure 1.7 is the line where solidification of the extrudate commences. 

Frost, Sullivan A (2005) Overview of US Medical Device Market A662-54... 

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