Frontline

A risk assessment analyses systems at two levels. The first level defines the functions the system must perform to respond successfully to an accident. The second level identifies the hardware for the systems use. The hardware identification (in the top event statement) describes minimum system operability and system boundaries (interfaces). Experience shows that the interfaces between a frontline system and its support systems are important to the system cs aluaiion and require a formal search to document the interactions. Such is facilitated by a failure modes and effect analysis (FMEA). Table S.4.4-2 is an example of an interaction FMEA for the interlace and support requirements for system operation. 

Function event trees include primarily the engineered safety features of the plant, but other systems provide necessary support functions. For example, electric power system failure amid reduce the effectiveness of the RCS heat-removal function after a transient or small UJ( A. Therefore, EP should be included among the systems that perform this safety function. Siipfiort systems such as component-cooling water and electric power do not perform safety functions directly. However, they significantly contribute to the unavailability of a system or group of systems that perform safety functions. It is necessary, therefore, to identify support systems for each frontline ssstcm and include them in the system analysis. 

Table 6.1-3 ANO- Frontline Support and Support vs Support Dependencies (All requirements for diesel generators as.sume loss of station power j...

Nuclear power plant systems may be classified as "Frontline" and "Support. . iccurding to their. service in an accident. Frontline systems are the engineered safety systems that deal directly with an accident. Support systems support the frontline systems. Accident initiators are broadly grouped as loss of cooling accidents (LOCAs) or transients. In a LOCA, water cooling the reactor is lost by failure of the cooling envelope. These are typically classified as small-small (SSLOCA), smalt (SLOCA), medium (MLOCA) and large (LLOCA). 

A transient, is a passing event which may upset the reactor operation but does not physically damage the primary cooling envelope. Table 6.1-1 lists PWR transient initiating events that ha c been used in PRA preparation. Typical frontline systems that mitigate LOCAs and transients for a PWR are presented in Table 6.1-2. The frontline systems must be supported by support systems interactions between both are presented in Table 6.1 -3 for ANO-1 (Arkansas Nuclear Unit 1). 

For examples that use the Excel Solver, see Chapters 7,9, and 10. For a description of the design and use of the Excel Solver, see Fylstra, et al. (1998). An enhanced version of the Excel Solver, which can handle larger problems, is faster, and includes enhanced solvers is available from Frontline Systems—see www.frontsys.com. This website contains a wealth of information on spreadsheet optimization. 

An evolutionary algorithm is included in the current release of Frontline Systems Premium Excel Solver (for current information, see www.frontsys.com). It is invoked by choosing Standard Evolutionary from the Solver dropdown list in the Solver Parameters Dialog Box. The other nonlinear solver is Standard GRG Nonlinear, which is the GRG2 solver described in Section 8.7. As discussed there, GRG2 is a gradient-based local solver, which will find the nearest local solution to its starting point. The evolutionary solver is much less likely to stop at a local minimum, as we illustrate shortly. 

Frontline Solutions (2005) Supply Chain Spending Shifts to Demand Management. URL http //www.innovatefomm.com/innovate/article/ articleDetail.jsp id=178130, Date 19.03.2007... 

Persons familiar with the operation of the facility if the facility has no operating history, then operators from similar facilities may be included on the team. Frontline personnel are preferable, as they usually have the most accurate knowledge of the process equipment and procedures used during day-to-day operation, and are highly motivated to identify and eliminate hazards. 

Frontline. The Opium Kings. Public Broadcasting Service. Available online at http //www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontKne/shows/heroin/etc/history.html. Accessed June 2,2006. 

Frontline/ Public Broadcasting Service The Opium JOngs ... 

Douglas Rushkoff (rushkoff.com), a professor at New York University, has published ten acclaimed books on media, culture, and values. He is also a correspondent for PBS Frontline. His most recent books are Coercion SiVvA Nothing Sacred The Truth About Judaism. His favorite words ... 

In addition to its merapeutic use, this phage preparation was also used by mobile sanitary brigades as an emergency aid for treatment of wounds (prophylaxis of gas gangrene). Krestovnikova [27] summarized me observations of mree mobile sanitary brigades carried out over periods of 2-6 weeks following evacuation to frontline hospitals. 

As a frontline treatment for FL, the addition of rituximab to chemotherapy has significantly improved the clinical outcome of FL patients. Two studies were performed to evaluate the impact of FCGR3A polymorphism on the response to sequential CHOP and rituximab therapy in FL (Table 2). However, these two studies consistently reported that the FCGR3A polymorphism did not correlate with treatment outcome. 

Kim DH, Jung FID, Kim JG et al. FCGR3A gene polymorphisms may correlate with response to frontline R-CHOP therapy for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Blood2006 108 2720-2725. 

Several drugs marketed since the late 1990s have had such serious side effects that companies and the FDA have removed them from the market or recommended restricting their use. A report from the PBS television show Frontline lists 12 drugs withdrawn between 1997 and 2001,60 and several other high-profile withdrawals because of dangerous side effects have oc-... 

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