Frog embryo teratogenesis assay

Developmental effects of trichloroethylene exposure have been demonstrated with the FETAX (Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay Xenopus) bioassay, an in vitro method using whole frog embryos (Fort et al. 1991, 1993 Rayburn et al. 1991). Observed defects included gut miscoding, skeletal kinking, and heart malformations heart malformations have also been observed in rat developmental assays (Dawson et al. 1993). 

Frog embryo teratogenesis assay - Xenopus Not sufficiently... 

Fort, D.J., B.L. James, and J.A. Bantle. 1989. Evaluation of the developmental toxicity of five compounds with the frog embryo teratogenesis assay Xenopus (FETAX) and a metabolic activation system. Jour. Appl. Toxicol. 9 377-388. 

Bernardini, G., Vismara, C., Boracchi, P., and Camatini, M. Lethality, teratogenicity and growth inhibition of heptanol in Aenqpus assayed by a modified frog embryo teratogenesis assay-Aenqpi s(FETAX) procedure, Sci. Total Environ., 151(1) 1-8, 1994. 

Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay on Xenopus and Predictivity Compared with In Vivo Mammalian Studies... 

Frog embryo teratogenesis assay on Xenopus (FETAX) has been routinely used in oiu laboratory for the last 12 years as a routine developmental toxicity screening test for pharmaceutical candidate compoimds. To date, out of more than 400 candidates tested in FETAX, around 60 have also been evaluated in mammalian embryotoxicity studies according to standard ICH protocols. 

Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay on Xenopus and Predictivity. 

Dawson DA, Bande JA (1987) Development of a reconstituted water medium and preliminary validation of the frog embryo teratogenesis assay Xenopus (EETAX). J Appl Toxicol 7(4) 237-244... 

Fort DJ et al (1998) Phase III interlaboratory study of FETAX, Part 2 interlaboratory validation of an exogenous metabolic activation system for frog embryo teratogenesis assay-Xenopus (FETAX). Drug Chem Toxicol 21(1) 1-14... 

ICCVAM evaluated the Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay— Xenopm (FETAX) as an alternative method for assessing developmental toxicity. In 2000, ICCVAM convened an expert panel and concluded that FETAX was not sufficiently validated or optimized for regulatory applications (31). Research using FETAX has been ongoing to address ICCVAM s recommendations that further standardization of the assay was necessary to improve variability and to expand the number of endpoints assessed to increase the performance of the assay. 

Fort, D.J., E.L. Stover, J.A. Bantle, J.R. Rayburn, M.A. Hull, R.A. Finch, D.T. Burton, S.D. Turley, D.A. Dawson, G. Linder, D. Buchwalter, M. Kumsher-King, and A.M. Gaudet-Hull. 1998. Phase III interlaboratory study of FETAX, Part 2 Interlaboratory validation of an exogenous metabolic activation system for frog embryo teratogenesis assay-Xenopus (FETAX). Drug Chem. Toxicol. 21(1) 1-14. 

The Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay Xenopus (FETAX)... 

ASTM. 1991. Standard guide for conducting the frog embryo teratogenesis assay — Xenopus (FETAX). ASTM 1996 Annual Book of Standards Vol. 11.05, E1439-91. American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken, PA, pp. 863-873. 

Another important source of information on the status of alternative test development, with particular emphasis on the requirements for cosmetics testing, is a review paper published in 2011 by Adler and coauthors [9], Table 1 summarizes those relevant for reproductive toxicity. Several assays refer to the detection of endocrine effects on steroidogenesis based on a variety of cell types, and, as already mentioned, they will be dealt with in another chapter of this book. The other tests can be subdivided in placental toxicity/transport, preimplantation toxicity, female and male toxicity, and developmental toxicity. The tests that are suitable for detecting developmental toxicity include the EST, the whole-embryo assay, the micromass test (all three already described above), the zebrafish embryo teratogenicity assay, and the frog embryo teratogenesis assay (FETAX). 

Frog embryo teratogenesis assay xenopus assay xenopus (FETAX) Fetal development/malformations/lethality Hazard identification of embryotoxicants... 

Racemic 188-HC1 was found to be highly toxic and teratogenic in a frog embryo teratogenesis assay. The potency was increased with a cytochrome P-450 metabolic activation system [467],... 

Few data are available on the effects of energetic compounds on amphibian species. The Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay-Xenopus (FETAX) was used to... 

Nicotine produced teratogenic effects in test animals, causing postimplantation mortality, fetal death, and developmental abnormalities. Nicotine and its primary metabolite cotinine exhibited teratogenic potential with Xenopus frog embryo teratogenesis assay (Dowson et al. 1988). 

Dawson, D. A., McCormick, C.A Bantle, J.A. (1985). Detection of teratogenic substances in acidic mine water samples using the frog embryo teratogenesis assay - Xenopus (FETAX). J. Appl. Toxicol. V. 5. N 4. pp. 234-44. 

Fetax. (1991). Standard guide for conduction the frog embryo teratogenesis assays- Xenopus (Fetax). Amer. Soc.for test, and mat. pp. 1-11. 

Dresser TH, Rivera ER, Hoffmann FJ et al (1992) Teratogenic assessment of four solvents using the Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay-Xenopus (FETAX). J Appl Toxicol 12 49-56... 

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