Frog blood

Ringer s solution. Physiologic solution containing 0.650 g sodium chloride, 0.014 g potassium chloride, 0.0129 g calcium chloride, 0.020 g sodium bicarbonate, 0.001 g monosodium phosphate, 0.200 g dextrose in 100 g water. It is isotonic with frog blood serum. 

The pharmacological properties of nitrofurazone and nitrofurantoin were investigated by several workers . The experimental studies with various kinds of animals showed some pharmacological properties similar to those of guanofuracin hydrochloride and panfuran hydrochloride. As test devices isolated hearts of frogs, blood vessels of toads, respiration and blood pressure rates of rabbits, the central nervous system of frogs and mice, and red cell counts of rabbits were used. The results are summarized in Table 6.19. 

Erythrocyte in vitro) Isolated heart (frog) Blood vessels (toad) Blood pressure and respiration (rabbit) Isolated intestine (guinea-pig) Central nervous system (frog and mouse) no effect depress (1 500) constriction rise depress the movement (1 5,000) stimulate (20 mg/40 g)t haemolytic depress after stimulate (1 2,000) no effect depress depress the movement (1 25,000) stimulate (40 mg/40 g)t inhibit growth (1 800 completely) ... 

Effect of environmental temperature on frog blood cell number and production of eicosanoids... 

Pellotine is a convulsant in the frog and cat. Clerc, Janot and Paris, state that the intravenous lethal dose in dogs is 10 mgm./kilo. In chloralosed dogs 5 mgm./kilo slowed the heart and caused a fall in blood pressure the effects lasted for a few minutes and resembled those due to acetylcholine they were inhibited by atropine and increased by yohimbine and ergotamine. A few injections of this dose at short intervals produced convulsions and this effect was inhibited by phenobarbitone. 

P-Homochelidonine was examined by Meyer and von Engel, and the results, as quoted by Sehmidt, indicate that in frogs -homoehelidonine behaves like ehelidonine, and that in mammals it eauses slight nareosis and a transitory fall in blood pressme, followed by eonvulsions of the type indueed by camphor, slowing of the pulse and, in large doses, paralysis of the vaso-motor centres. It also paralyses the ends of the sensory nerves. ... 

According to Biberfeld, palmatine, calumbamine and jatrorrhizine all paralyse the central nervous system in frogs palmatine also produces this effect in mammals and differs from the other two in stopping respiration, probably by paralysis of the respiratory centre. All three alkaloids lower the blood pressure on intravenous injection, palmatine being the most active. 

A preliminary report on rauwolscine by Chakravarti indicates that it is a cardiovascular depressant, shows hypotensive action and a relatively high toxicity. Koepfli s rauwolfine produces a fall in blood pressure, and stimulation of respiration in frogs it has a curare-like action. The rauwolfine of van Itallie and Steenhauer has been examined by Hartog and by de Boer, especially in regard to its cardiac action. According to Raymond-Hamet, it reverses the action of adrenaline. 

Deoxy-L-galactose (L-fucose) HO H H HO HaC—C—C—C—C-—CHO H HO HO H plant gums seaweeds blood polysaccharides sea-urchin eggs frog-spawn mucin... 

Amino-2-deoxy-D-galactose (D-galactosamine chondrosamine) H HO HO H HOHjC—C—C—C—C—CHO HO H H NH, frog-spawn mucin blood-group substances cartilage... 

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