Blood polysaccharide

Deoxy-L-galactose (L-fucose) HO H H HO HaC—C—C—C—C-—CHO H HO HO H plant gums seaweeds blood polysaccharides sea-urchin eggs frog-spawn mucin... 

Dextran. This polysaccharide is produced from sucrose by certain species of l euconostoc (70). Dextran [9004-54-0] was the first commercial microbial polysaccharide. It was used as a blood plasma extender in the U.S. Army during the late 1940s and early 1950s. This program was discontinued in 1955. 

Fiber components are the principal energy source for colonic bacteria with a further contribution from digestive tract mucosal polysaccharides. Rate of fermentation varies with the chemical nature of the fiber components. Short-chain fatty acids generated by bacterial action are partiaUy absorbed through the colon waU and provide a supplementary energy source to the host. Therefore, dietary fiber is partiaUy caloric. The short-chain fatty acids also promote reabsorption of sodium and water from the colon and stimulate colonic blood flow and pancreatic secretions. Butyrate has added health benefits. Butyric acid is the preferred energy source for the colonocytes and has been shown to promote normal colonic epitheUal ceU differentiation. Butyric acid may inhibit colonic polyps and tumors. The relationships of intestinal microflora to health and disease have been reviewed (10). 

A number of other polysaccharides, such as glycogen, dextran, chitin, etc., possess interesting structures for chemical modification [103,104]. Dextran has been used as a blood plasma substitute. Although it can be converted to films and fibers, chitin s relatively small resource restricts its commercialization. 

The agglutination of incompatible red blood cells, which indicates that the body s immune system has recognized the presence of foreign cells in the body and has formed antibodies against them, results from the presence of polysaccharide markers on the surface of the cells. Types A, B, and O red blood cells... 

Chemistry of Tissues. 2. Polysaccharides Showing Blood Group A Specificity and the Nature of the Constituent Units of the Stable Carbohydrate Residue of the A Substance from Pepsin, H. G. Bray, H. H. Henry, and M. Stacey, Biochem. J., 40 (1946) 124-130. 

PPD Purified protein derivative PPME Polymeric polysaccharide rich in mannose-6-phosphate moieties PRA Percentage reactive activity PRD, PRDII Positive regulatory domain, -II PR3 Proteinase-3 PRBC Parasitized red blood cell proET-1 Proendothelin-1 PRL Prolactin PRP Platelet-rich plasma PS Phosphatidylserine P-selectin Platelet selectin formerly known as platelet adctivation-dependent granule external membrane protein (PADGEM), granule membrane protein of MW 140 kD (GMP-140)... 

The clearing effect of heparin on blood is associated with release of the triglyceride-hydrolyzing enzyme lipoproteinlipase (LPL) from the surface of endothelial cells.458,459 In addition to a number of apparently equivalent lipases from different tissues,459 heparin also releases a hepatic lipase.460,461 As suggested by the results of affinity-chromatography studies, this release is probably associated with binding of the polysaccharide to the enzyme. 62,463 Because other polyanions,464 including the... 

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