Frequency-resolved

Melinger J S and Albrecht A C 1986 Theory of time- and frequency-resolved resonance secondary radiation from a three-level system J. Chem. Phys. 84 1247-58... 

Ulness D J, Stimson M J, Kirkwood J C and Albrecht A C 1997 Interferometric downconversion of high frequency molecular vibrations with time-frequency-resolved coherent Raman scattering using quasi-cw noisy laser light C-H stretching modes of chloroform and benzene J. Rhys. Chem. A 101 4587-91... 

Trebino R and Kane D J 1993 Using phase retrieval to measure the intensity and phase of ultrafast pulses frequency-resolved optical gating J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 10 1101-11... 

Kane D J and Terbino R 1993 Characterization of arbitrary femtosecond pulses using frequency-resolved optical gating IEEE J. Quantum. Electron. 29 571-9... 

Kane D J and Trebino R 1993 Single-shot measurement of the intensity and phase of an arbitrary ultrashort pulse by using frequency-resolved optical gating Opt. Lett. 18 823-5... 

DeLong K W, Trebino R, Hunter J and White W E 1994 Frequency-resolved optical gating with the use of second-harmonic generation J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 11 2206-15... 

Vibronic relaxation of XeF in solid Ar at 25 K was studied by pumping vibronic transitions with a subpicosecond UV pulse, and detecting frequency-resolved emission with a fast optical gate [25]. XeF has two sites in Ar, one... 

A. Mokhtari, J. Chesnoy and A. Laubereau, Femtosecond time-and frequency-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy of a dye molecule, Chem. Phys. Letts, 155, 593-598 (1989). 

Describing complex wave-packet motion on the two coupled potential energy surfaces, this quantity is also of interest since it can be monitored in femtosecond pump-probe experiments [163]. In fact, it has been shown in Ref. 126 employing again the quasi-classical approximation (104) that the time-and frequency-resolved stimulated emission spectrum is nicely reproduced by the PO calculation. Hence vibronic POs may provide a clear and physically appealing interpretation of femtosecond experiments reflecting coherent electron transfer. We note that POs have also been used in semiclassical trace formulas to calculate spectral response functions [3]. 

Accurate measurements of the frequency-resolved transverse spin relaxation T2) of Rb NMR on single crystals of D-RADP-x (x = 0.20, 0.25, 0.30, 0.35) have been performed in a Bq field of 7 Tesla as a function of temperature. The probe head was placed in a He gas-flow cryostat with a temperature stability of 0.1 K. To obtain the spin echo of the Rb - 1/2 -o-+ 1/2 central transition we have used the standard (90 - fi - 180y -ti echo - (2) pulse sequence with an appropriate phase-cycling scheme to ehminate quadrature detection errors and unwanted coherences due to pulse imperfections. To avoid sparking in the He gas, the RF-field Bi had to be reduced to a level where the 7T/2-pulse length T90 equalled 3.5 ps at room temperature. 

Fig.8 Separation of the overlapping NMR spectra belonging to the two different phase states (glass and FE) by fitting Eq. 3 to the 2D time-frequency spectrum of D-RADP-25 at r = 79 K. a Measmed spectrmn for ti = 0 (crosses), glass spectrum (open squares) and FE spectrmn (closed squares), b corresponding frequency resolved transverse relaxation times...

Effects of solvent mixtures can be seen in biochemical systems. Ligand binding to myoglobin in aqueous solution involves two kinetic components, one extramolecular and one intramolecular, which have been interpreted in terms of two sequential kinetic barriers. In mixed solvents and subzero temperatures, the outer barrier increases and the inner barrier splits into several components, giving rise to fast intramolecular recombination. Measurements of the corresponding solvent structural relaxation rates by frequency resolved calorimetry allows the discrimination between solvent composition and viscosity-related effects. The inner barrier and its coupling to structural relaxation appear to be independent of viscosity but change with solvent composition (Kleinert et al., 1998). 

The frequency-resolved spectrum, at the right of Figure 2.2, shows that the single ZOBS transition is split into a multiplet, due to the coupling with the ZODS, which is lifetime broadened, exhibiting a linewidth F due to interaction with the bath states. The observation of such a spectrum provides evidence for IVR. The lifetime-imposed linewidth is proportional to the product of the mean-squared... 

Yersin H, Humbs W, Strasser J (1997) Characterization of Excited Electronic and Vibronic States of Platinuum Mental Compounds with Chelate Ligands by Highly Frequency-Resolved and Time-Resolved Spectra. 191 153-249 Yoshida J (1994) Electrochemical Reactions of Organosilicon Compounds. 170 39-82 Yoshihara (1990) Chemical Nuclear Probes Using Photon Intensity Ratios. 157 1-34 Yoshihara (1996) Recent Studies on the Nuclear Chemistry of Technetium. 176 1-16 Yoshihara (1996) Technetium in the Environment. 176 17-36 Yoshihara K,see Hashimoto (1996) 176 275-192 Zamaraev KI, see Lymar SV (1991) 159 1-66... 

The coherent fs time-resolved CARS method is highly sensitive for the investigation of collision induced (or pressure dependent) changes in optical line shapes especially when line mixing occurs and frequency resolved measurements come to their limits [7]. The fs-CARS spectroscopy is applied to various collision systems (N2-N2, N2-rare gas, C2H2-C2H2, CO-CO)... 

The MIIPS of compensated pulses is shown in Fig. lb. To corroborate phase information retrieved from MIIPS, phase characterization was also done using second harmonic generation frequency resolved optical gating (SHG-FROG) [7], SHG-FROG traces of the pulses before and after compensation are shown in Fig. lc and Id. The final pulse-shaping step involved the controlled phase modulation of transform-limited pulses. 

The solvated electron in methanol. Novel time- and frequency-resolved pump-probe spectroscopy of short-lived precursors. 

After the introduction of frequency resolved CARS by Maker and Terhune [1], time resolved experiments became possible with the invention of high power lasers with femtosecond resolution. Leonhardt [2] and for example Hayden [3] performed femtosecond CARS experiments in liquids. A first femtosecond time resolved CARS experiment in gas phase was performed by Motzkus et. al. [4] where the wave packet dynamics of the dissociation of Nal was monitored. The first observation of wave packet dynamics in gaseous iodine was reported by Schmitt et al. [5]. They were able to observe dynamics in both, the ground and excited state with the same experiment. A summary of high resolution spectroscopy in gas phase by nonlinear methods is given by Lang et al. [6]. 

Wt-GFP was expressed in E. coli and purified as described in Ref. [4]. Time- and frequency resolved pump-probe transients were recorded with 40-fs, 400-nm excitation pulses and probe pulses with durations of approximately 40 fs throughout the visible spectral range. Since photo-conversion strongly alters the GFP response, rapid scan data acquisition was performed... 

In this study we use the dye Coumarin 343 (C343) adsorbed on the surfaces of ZrC>2 nano particles in aqueous solution to study the solvation dynamics close to these surfaces. Zr02 is, in many respects, very similar to Ti02 and serves as a suitable model substance since, due to its higher band gap energy, electron injection from adsorbed dyes does not occur. To measure the time resolved Stokes shift, we used femtosecond frequency-resolved upconversion. 

We show how one can image the amplitude and phase of bound, quasibound and continuum wavefunctions, using time-resolved and frequency-resolved fluorescence. The case of unpolarized rotating molecules is considered. Explicit formulae for the extraction of the angular and radial dependence of the excited-state wavepackets are developed. The procedure is demonstrated in Na2 for excited-state wavepackets created by ultra-short pulse excitations. 

M. Shapiro If the resonances overlap to such an extent that we can no longer break the frequency resolved spectrum to a sum of Fano lines in a unique way, then my analysis would not be unique. However this is an extreme situation and even in this case one can try to fit the spectrum (admittedly in a non-unique way) to a sum of Fano lines (or complex energy poles). 

In contrast to kinetic studies, frequency resolved experiments analyze the response of electrochemical systems to periodic or sinusoidal perturbations of voltage or current.545 However, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is the only universally accepted electrochemical frequency resolved method because of the conceptual difficulty involved. Electrochemical perturbation and... 

As shown in Fig. 6.2B, this can be directly achieved by using transform-limited pump and Stokes pulses, of which the spectral bandwidth matches the Raman resonance line width to be probed [37]. The temporal width of the pulses is typically 5ps, corresponding to a spectral width of 2.9cm. A frequency-resolved CRS spectrum is obtained by tuning the wavelength of... 

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