French musts

The French must refrain from imposing an export levy on production from Oppau, because the nitrogen products cannot bear that levy ... 

The desired improvements are usually on the order of 3 to 5 points, beginning with a base of 45-48. Under these conditions between 300 and 1000 ppm by weight of additive must be used. The treating costs are acceptable, being on the order of a centime (hundredth of a French Franc) per liter. 

The flash point of a petroleum liquid is the temperature to which it must be brought so that the vapor evolved burns spontaneously in the presence of a flame. For diesel fuel, the test is conducted according to a closed cup technique (NF T 60-103). The French specifications stipulate that the flash point should be between 55°C and 120°C. That constitutes a safety criterion during storage and distribution operations. Moreover, from an official viewpoint, petroleum products are classified in several groups according to their flash points which should never be exceeded. 

Governmental specifications. In France, they are published through inter-ministerial directives and are prepared at the Ministry of Industry by the DHYCA (Direction des Hydrocarbures et des Carburants). They govern the characteristics that products must adhere to in all French territories. 

To be classified as custard or French, product must contain >1.4% egg yolk solids. 

In 1896, the French scientist Fienri Becquerel happened to store a sample of uranium oxide in a drawer that contained some photographic plates (Fig. 17.2). He was astonished to find that the uranium compound darkened the plates even though they were covered with an opaque material. Becquerel realized that the uranium compound must give off some kind of radiation. Marie Sklodowska Curie (Fig. 17.3), a young Polish doctoral student, showed that the radiation, which she called radioactivity, was emitted by uranium regardless of the compound in which it was found. She concluded that the source must be the uranium atoms themselves. Together with her husband, Pierre, she went on to show that thorium, radium, and polonium are also radioactive. 

When the door is shut behind her I say, in French, You must forgive my lack of ceremony, and that I speak French, not the Gascon tongue. But you are nonetheless welcome, Monseigneur le Chevalier de Bretaylles. ... 

Sadly one of the by-products from his first step was the powerfully corrosive hydrochloric acid, a potentially serious pollutant. But Leblanc may have been so excited at making sodium carbonate that he hardly noticed. He had found a way to synthesize a purer and thus more efficient substitute for the alkali traditionally extracted from plant ashes. When perfected, his method would make stronger, more consistent soda with far more alkali than the best soda made from plants. He must have felt utterly elated. He was a patriot about to save French industry and win a fortune, 12,000 gold coins. 

The number of scientific articles published on meteorites has increased dramatically in the last few years few of these, however, concern themselves with small meteorites, the size of which lies between that of the normal meteorites (from centimetres to metres in size) and that of interplanetary dust particles. In the course of an Antarctic expedition, scientists (mainly from French institutions) collected micrometeorites from 100 tons of Antarctic blue ice (Maurette et al 1991). These micrometeorites were only 100 400 pm in size five samples, each consisting of 30-35 particles, were studied to determine the amount of the extraterrestrial amino acids a-aminoisobutyric acid (AIBS) and isovaline—both of which are extremely rare on Earth—which they contained. The analysis was carried out using a well-tested and extremely sensitive HPLC system at the Scripps Institute, La Jolla. Although the micrometeorites came from an extremely clean environment, the samples must have been contaminated, as they all showed traces of L-amino acids. Only one sample showed a significantly higher concentration of AIBS (about 280 ppm). The AIBS/isovaline ratio in the samples also lay considerably above that previously found in CM-chondrites. 

Education, simple rules of personal hygiene and safe food preparation can prevent many diarrheal diseases. Hand washing with soap is an effective step in preventing spread of illness. Human feces must always be considered potentially hazardous. Immunocompromised persons, alcoholics, persons with chronic liver disease and pregnant women may require additional attention, and health care providers can play an important role in providing information about food safety. These populations should avoid undercooked meat, raw shellfish, raw dairy products, French-style cheeses and unheated deli meats [114]. 

The nightmare that should have been forgotten in the light of day Yet to Von Knieriem it was still like a child s first wonderment about the Beginning. If what seemed to have happened didn t really happen, some mystery even more terrible than the Imagination must have brought on the fear His terror had been quite as real as if the French had actually yanked him and Bosch from the train and beaten them and thrown them into jail. 

Von Schnitzler pounded the table. This proposal was not "in consonance with either the legal position or with the political and economic facts of hfe. After all that has happened, the French standpoint must be considered an imputation and insult."... 

A free radical is best defined as an atom or molecule containing one or more unpaired electrons, or in the illuminating expression of our French colleagues, Electrons cdlibataires.1 The unpaired electron exists alone in an orbital and therefore has a spin and, resulting magnetic moment uncompensated by the oppositely directed spin and magnetic moment of another electron. This has certain physical and chemical consequences which serve to show the presence of a free radical. But it must be emphasized that unusual reactivity alone (the chemical consequences) is never conclusive proof that a substance is a free radical. 

---