Freeze-drying packaging

Development of a New Concept for Bulk Freeze-Drying LYOGUARD Freeze-Dry Packaging... 

Shelf Devices Equipment having heated and/or cooled shelves is available but is httle used for divided-sohds heat processing. Most extensive use of stationaiy shelves is freezing of packaged solids for food industries and for freeze drying by sublimation (see Sec. 22). 

Final product formulation Product filling, freeze drying (if required) and sealing -> Labelling and packaging... 

Because products rich in desirable NPs command a high price, it becomes economic to build storage facilities that reduce NP loss and to invest in improved packaging—look at foil wrapped tea or vacumn wrapped coffee. Freeze drying, controlled atmosphere packaging and optimum harvesting also help deliver the best NP-rich products to the consumer. 

Conditioning of the Product. The high porosity and low moisture content of the freeze-dried product require that the vacuum be broken and packaging he done under a dried inert-gas blanket, in many cases, to prevent oxidation during storage and maintain the low moisture content. Carbon dioxide or nitrogen are commonly used. 

For parenteral use, solid sterile substances are distributed in their final packages. A clear solution nearly free of particles or a uniform one is obtained after shaking with the prescribed volume of an appropriate sterile liquid. Freeze-dried substances for parenteral use are also used. After dissolution or dispersion, preparations must comply with assay requirements for injectable preparations or injectable preparations for perfusion. Their preparation requires the same care as parenteral solutions, i.e. sterilization of raw material or finished product sterilization. ... 

Unlike manifold-based or batch drying, bulk drying allows no control of the conditions to which the product is exposed. Usually, the product is removed from the freeze-drying system prior to closure and then packaged in air-tight containers. Bulk drying is usually restricted to stable products scarcely vulnerable to oxygen and moisture. 

By nature, freeze-dried produets are hygroscopic, so exposure to moisture during storage can destabilize them. Packaging used for freeze-dried materials must be impermeable... 

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