Fractions, mole weight

In this equation, and are the values of reaction progress at the beginning and end of the step nj is the mass in kg of the fluid (equal to nw, the water mass, plus the mass of the solutes) nk is the mole number of each mineral nr is the reaction rate (moles) for each reactant Mwk is the mole weight (g mol-1) of each mineral, and Mwr is the mole weight for each reactant and T, jsp is the fraction of the fluid displaced over the reaction step in a flush model (Adlsp is zero if a flush model is not invoked). 

Next, we need to calculate the amount of each component in the vapor phase. At room temperature, the vapor separates into a condensate that is mostly water and a gas phase that is mostly CO2. Table 23.2 provides the composition of each. The mole number of each component (H2O, CO2, and H2S) in the condensate, expressed per kg H2O in the liquid, is derived by multiplying the concentration (g kg-1) by the vapor fraction Xvap and dividing by the component s mole weight. 

First, compute the density of the propane-and-heavier fraction, the weight fraction of ethane in the ethane-and-heavier fraction, and the weight fraction of methane in the gas plus crude oil mixture. Remember that mole fraction equals volume fraction for a gas. 

See also Denial Solution Gram-Equivalent Gram-Molecular Weight Molal Concentration Molar Concentration Mole Fraction Mole (Stoichiometry) Mnle Volume and Normal Concentration. 

For plotting ternary compositions, it is common to employ an equilateral composition triangle with coordinates in terms of either mole fraction or weight percent of the three components. 

If one lets af = Xjy then it follows that a[ = y[- Thus, in this treatment the residual activity and residual activity coefficient are the same whether or not one expresses concentration in mole fractions or weight fractions. 

The area A can be determined, e.g., by drawing a baseline and vertical lines at 141 and 159ppm and then cutting out and weighing the areas enclosed. Area A must then be corrected for SSB strengths and converted from mole fraction to weight fraction. The method summarized here follows procedures described in more detail by Hemmingson and Newman (1985) and Leary et al. (1986). 

Therefore, table 4B.1 gives the raw data from Selleck et al. (1952) only for the water content of the H2S-rich phase. The data presented are exactly those from the original document. Thus the pressure is in psia, and both weight fraction and mole fraction of H2S are given. To obtain the mole fraction and weight fraction of water in the sample, merely subtract the value in the table from one. 

The phase rule permits only two variables to be specified arbitrarily in a binary two-phase mixture at equilibrium. Consequently, the curves in Fig. 13-18 can be plotted at either constant temperature or constant pressure but not both. The latter is more common, and data in Table 13-1 correspond to that case. The y-x diagram can be plotted in mole, weight, or volume fractions. The units used later for the phase flow rates must, of course, agree with those used for the equilibrium data. Mole fractions, which are almost always used, are applied here. 

Weight fraction Mole fraction in liquid Mole fraction in vapor Mole fraction in feed... 

Compound Formula Molecular weight wj-, (gmoF ) Volumetric fraction, xl Mass fraction, Mole fraction, Xt Solubility, C oi (mgL ) (from Table 5) Concentration Cj. = TyfcCsoi (mg L )... 

As an example of this behaviour we may take the divariant system composed of a mixture of carbon disulphide and benzene and their vapours. The total masses of the two components in the closed system are given initially. We know from the phase rule that if T and p are fixed the physico-chemical state of the system is determined, that is to say the mole fractions or weight fractions of the components in both liquid and vapour phase are determined. As we have seen these weight fractions are, in general, different. If we know these weight fractions and the initial masses of the components and m% we can calculate the masses of the two phases from the equations... 

The transformation from mole fractions to weight fractions or conversely, is made using the equations... 

An interesting property relating to mole fractions and weight fractions appears if we apply (20.43) and (20.44) to a two-phase system. It follows that if the mole fractions of i are the same in the two phases, then the weight fractions are also equal. In other words, for each of the components... 

Note we have used mole fractions as weighting fectors to find an average T c = 186.2 and p c = 41.2 as in Example 3.16. Next we compute... 

Calculate the mole fraction of each component, noting that moles = weight/molecular weight. 

A discussion of the thermodynamics and kinetics of solubility hrst requires a discussion of the method hy which solubility is reported. The solubility of a substance may be dehned in many different types of units, each of which represents an expression of the quantity of solute dissolved in a solution at a given temperature. Solutions are said to be saturated if the solvent has dissolved the maximal amount of solute permissible at a particular temperature, and clearly an unsaturated solution is one for which the concentration is less than the saturated concentration. Under certain conditions, metastable solutions that are supersaturated can be prepared, where the concentration exceeds that of a saturated solution. The most commonly encountered units in pharmaceutical applications are molarity, normality, molality, mole fraction, and weight or volume percentages. 

Table 10.8. Feed gas composition Component Weight fraction Mole fraction...

Problem 5.16 In a synthesis of polyester from 2 moles of terephthalic acid, 1 mol of ethylene glycol and 1 mol of butylene glycol, the reaction was stopped at 99.5% conversion of the acid. Determine (a) M and M , of the polyester and (b) mole fraction and weight fraction of species containing 20 monomer units. 

Figure 3.1 shows a schematic representation of a two-component phase diagram characterized by a UCT. The left axis corresponds to pure component A and the right axis to pure component B. The abscissa corresponds to different A-B compositions. It is very common to express the compositions in weight fraction. Mole fraction or volume fraction can also be used. The central, shaded area corresponds to the two-phase domain, also referred to as the miscibility gap. The clear zone surrounding it represents a single phase. 

Additive or group contribution techniques are commonly used to predict the properties of polymers from their molecular structures. These techniques provide many extremely useful simple correlations to predict the properties. Group contribution techniques will be reviewed briefly in Section l.B. The main approach used in the scheme of correlations developed in this book is based on topological techniques. The philosophy of this approach, and the scope of the work presented in this book, will be discussed in Section l.C. The detailed technical implementation of the scheme of correlations will be postponed to later chapters. Equations for converting between mole, weight and volume fractions will be listed in Section l.D. The subjects which will be covered in the later chapters will be summarized in Section l.E. 

It is often necessary to convert between the mole fractions (m), weight fractions (w) and volume fractions () of the components in dealing with multicomponent polymeric materials such as copolymers, blends and composites. The equations needed to make these conversions are listed below, for the i th component of an n-componcnt system. In these equations, p is the density, M is the molecular weight per mole, and V is the molar volume. 

The properties of random copolymers can be estimated by using weighted averages for all extensive properties, and the appropriate definitions for the intensive properties in terms of the extensive properties. Let lrq, m2,. .., mn denote the mole fractions (see Section l.D) of n different types of repeat units in a random copolymer. [The most common random copolymers have n=2. Terpolymers (n=3) are also often encountered.] The n mole fractions then add up to one, and the extensive properties of a random copolymer can be estimated by using mole fractions as weight factors ... 

If(NTYPE.EQ.l) Then Calculate mole fractions given weight fractions... 

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