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Fossil fuels , pattern

X 10 J/kg(10.4 X 10 Btu/lb) in 1990. The shift in coal production toward western coal deposits also reflects the shift in coal utilization patterns (Table 7). Electric utiUties are increasing coal consumption on both absolute and percentage bases, whereas coke plants, other industrial operations, and residential and commercial coal users are decreasing use of this soHd fossil fuel. [Pg.3]

Rotty, R. M., and G. Marland. 1986. Fossil fuel combustion Recent amounts, patterns, and trends of C02. In The Changing Carbon Cycle, a Global Analysis. Ed. J. R. Trabalka and D. E. Reichle, New York Springer-Verlag, pp. 474-90. [Pg.181]

PAHs are widespread environmental contaminants resulting from combustion, discharge of fossil fuels, and automobile exhausts [29]. As they are hydrophobic substances, they are strongly adsorbed to the organic fraction of SEs and soils. A different spatial distribution of PAHs was obtained for each of the three analyzed years. However, the upper course of the Ebro River was the most affected area by this contamination during the whole period of study. In Fig. 10, larger dots represent higher contributions of this PAHs contamination pattern than smaller dots. In the year 2004 (upper map on the left of Fig. 10), samples R0 (the closest to the river source) and T8 (an industrial place located in Navarra) were the most affected sites by PAHs contamination. As a result of its location, R0 was not... [Pg.361]

Since the late 1960s, and more especially since 1973, when OPEC policies reversed fossil fuel pricing patterns that had virtually eliminated it as a major component of the Canadian energy economy, coal has not only regained substantial footholds in industrial fuel markets, but also attracted increasingly serious attention as a key resource from which, in future, more diverse energy demands could be met. [Pg.11]

Production and consumption of commercially available fossil fuel, nuclear power, and hydroelectric power in the United States for the year 1992 is shown in Table 2 (12). Coal production is most significant followed by natural gas and petroleum. Electricity generation and utilization patterns are shown in Table 4. Coal is overwhelmingly the most significant energy source used to generate electricity. [Pg.2]

The additional release of C02 from SOM mineralization from 1991 to 2051, calculated on the basis of a 0.003 °Cyr 1 increase in temperature, amounts to 61 Pg C and is equivalent to 19% of that released from fossil fuel combustion assuming unabated use. It is therefore important to quantify precisely this contribution. Uncertainties in estimation of the contribution of this feedback mechanism depend on changes in the distribution pattern and intensity of precipitation, but also on the behavior of the more recalcitrant fractions of SOM (Jenkinson et al., 1991). Better knowledge of the factors that affect decomposition of organic matter (OM) in soil and eventually control rates at which different fractions decompose is urgently required and would be of immediate practical importance. [Pg.184]

When one considers the early 2000 s, it can be expected that about one half of the thermal energy will be supplied by natural gas, and the rest by petroleum fuels (fuel oil and residual oil) and coal. Coal is assumed to be the main energy source for electricity generation, gasoline for surface transportation, and jet fuel for air transportation. This is of course a simplified version of the fossil fuel energy system, but it is close enough to the present patterns of energy consumption, and can be used as the basis for comparisons. [Pg.21]

NG from the North Sea, is following the same pattern as oil. Still, production from NG reserves in Norway, a member of the European Economic Area, may represent 23 years of consumption at current levels. However, we should consider that, on the one hand, consumption of NG is likely to increase in result of a partial shift from dirty fossil fuel to a somewhat cleaner NG is some applications, including transportation. [Pg.87]

Nuclear weapons testing in the atmosphere introduced excess l4C that has proven to be an excellent tracer for processes that will be important in the uptake of fossil fuel CO2. For example, Peng (1986) mapped global uptake patterns of excess 14C and used these to calculate fossil fuel CO2 uptake by the oceans. His results indicate that about 10% of the fossil fuel CO2 is "missing". In the next chapter we will discuss the possibility that this missing CO2 may be the result of dissolution of highly soluble magnesian calcites from shallow water sediments. Also, Feely and... [Pg.175]

Electricity demand varies daily, weekly and seasonally. In higher latitudes, there is also an approximately three-day cycle associated with weather patterns. Today fossil fuel power plants are the primary technology to match electricity production with fluctuating electricity demand. Fossil fuels are used for intermediate and peak electricity production because i) they are inexpensive to store until needed (coal piles, oil tanks and underground natural-gas storage) ii) the technologies for conversion of fossil fuels to electricity have relatively low capital costs. [Pg.156]

Curiously, it is the minor combustion products which cause the greatest concern since C02 and H20, which account for 80-95% of the products, are normal atmospheric constituents and are not presently considered to be adverse to health or welfare. However, some evidence suggests that the addition of C02 to the earth s atmosphere from combustion of fossil fuels may in the near future affect the earth s heat balance and drastically alter weather patterns (2). [Pg.13]

Townsend, A. R., Braswell, B. H., Holland, E. A. Penner, J. E. (1996). Spatial and temporal patterns in terrestrial carbon storage due to deposition of fossil fuel nitrogen. Ecological Applications, 6, 806-14. [Pg.180]


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