Energy resources fossil fuels

Table I Australia s Fossil Fuel Energy Resources...

There are several possible ways to mitigate C02 emission problems. Among them are traditional approaches including (i) more efficient use of fossil fuel energy resources, (ii) increased use of clean fossil fuels, such as NG, and (iii) increased use of non-fossil fuels (nuclear power and renewable sources). The novel and most radical approach to effectively manage carbon emissions is the decarbonization of fossil fuels. Three main scenarios of fossil fuels decarbonization are currently discussed in the literature ... 

TABLE 1.2 Carbon Content of Fossil Fuel Energy Resources Potentially Available After 1990... 

The rapid pace of development of our world over the last century has heen largely based on easy access to fossil fuels. These resources are, however, limited, while their demand is growing rapidly. It is also becoming clear that the scale of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions following the use of fossil fuels is threatening the climate of the Earth. This makes the development of sustainable production and energy solutions in industry, transportation, and households the most important scientific and technical challenge of our time. 

Hydrogen is of interest as a means to deliver gaseous fuel from non-fossil primary energy resources such as nuclear reactors, or high temperature solar collectors. It is believed that hydrogen may phase into the energy market at such a time when fossil-based fuels either become too expensive or environmentally unsatisfactory. Hydrogen and biomass are the only two potentially visible options at the present time for the gas industry if that does take place. 

Development of other non-fossil fuel energy sources, such as geothermal, solar, wind and ocean thermal systems will undoubtedly broaden the scope of application for electrolytic hydrogen — perhaps not because they represent a source of low cost electrical power, but because it represents the most attractive means for providing a transportable fuel from these renewable resources. 

Consider the total amounts possible for each in the light of the 14-20 TW of carbon free power needed by 2050. Table 5 provides a summary 26 clearly the additional energy needed per year over the 12.8 TW fossil fuel energy base is simply not attainable from biomass, wind, nuclear and hydroelectric options. The answer to this supply dilemma must lie with solar energy. Chapter 2 provides an overview of the solar energy resource with particular emphasis on the solar spectrum. 

The message in Figs. 16-1 and 16-2 is that we must do more work with less fossil fuel energy—much less. We can obtain much more energy from natural, renewable resources, and we can use it much more effectively. The question is "Since we must, will we "... 

Depletion of fossil-fuel energy and raw-material resources... 

The plastics indnstry mnst actively develop and promote strategies to extract the maximum possible useful service life from all plastics. Increasing the service life conserves raw materials as well as energy. A waste material shonld be viewed as an asset (a possible raw material) rather than a disposal problem, with the focns on search for processes and markets that can make a useful product out of it. Recycling shonld be practiced whenever the resource recovery can be achieved at substantial overall savings in fossil fuel energy with minimum pollution. 

The low Carbon Island is also known as the RE Island and the Sustainable Energy Island. Chen et al. [11] said that island development problems are mostly related to imported fossil fuel energy dependence, fresh water availability, waste management, and transportation problems. However RE technology is one solution which produces energy by transforming natural phenomena (or natural resources) into useful energy forms. 

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