Formulas metric measures

Rehydration ratio was measured as previously described. Bulk density was determined as weight per voJ-ume basis (11). Carotene contents were determined by solvent extraction and spectrophoto-metric measurements (30). The amount of carotene loss was calculated according to the established formula (31). 

Metrics A series of formulas which measure such things as quality and productivity. 

Metrics for this might include number of excursions from statistical process control, but one very useful metric for controllability is process capability, or more accurately, process capability indices. Process capability compares the output of an in-control process to the specification limits by using capability indices. The comparison is made by forming the ratio of the spread between the process specifications (the specification width ) to the spread of the process values. In a six-sigma environment, this is measured by six standard deviation units for the process (the process width ). A process under control is one where almost all the measurements fall inside the specification limits. The general formula for process capability index is ... 

Often formulas in parts will be written as 1 + 1 + 1000, or 1 1 1000 or 1 1 to 1000 ml. Whichever way it is written, it comes out the same.The important point is to make sure that all the units are in the same system of measurement, either metric or U S. customary units in other words, grams with grams, ounces with ounces. This is also important when both liquid and solids are indicated in parts. Be certain that solid ounces go with liquid fluid ounces and that solid grams go with liquid milliliters... 

For direct conversions between metric and U.S. customary units, use the following tables. However, if you intend to convert an entire U.S. customary formula using 32 ounces of liquid to a metric formula using 1 liter, or vice versa, use the compound equivalents following these tables. To convert an individual measure, use the direct equivalents. 

The following compound conversion formula can be used to convert liquid measures from metric to U.S. customary ... 

Fallout] Another metric that is often used in the literature is the fallout [Euzenat et al. 2006] [Ferrara et al. 2008]. It computes the rate of incorrectly discovered matches out of the number of those nonexpected ones. Intuitively, it measures the probability that a irrelevant match is discovered by the tool. The fallout is defined by the following formula ... 

Baker et al. prepared the above-mentioned 1 6 compound by adding an aqueous solution of tetraamminecarbonatocobalt(III) nitrate to a boiling solution of ammonium paramolybdate. They formulated the compound as (NH4.)2H6-[Co(Mo04)5] 7 H2O according to Miolati-Rosenheim. The next proposed formula [(XOeMoeOis) "-, where X represents Cr(III), Fe(III). Co(III) or AiaH) and n is an undetermined integer which is probably small, was based on potentio-metric titrations, dehydration experiments, magnetic measurements etc. Furthermore, the correct formula was claim l for the ammoniiun salt of the chromium(III) com-... 

Euclidean distance The Euclidean distance or Euclidean metric is the ordinaiy distance between two points that one would measure with a ruler and is given by the Pythagorean formula. It can be calculated using the following formula ... 

The most commonly used norms for constructing metrics are the special cases 1 -norm (p = 1), 2-norm (p = 2) and infinity norm. The formulas for the corresponding functional distance measures are listed in the first column of Table 1. In the second column the equivalent discrete distance measures for vectors and (g,...,gjy) are given. 

Reliability is measured as a percentage of received messages, that would be lost without the P2P mechanism. The metric s formula is ... 

To define numerically the quality of an HTS the metric Z is often used [10]. This metric is a statistical measure of the performance of an assay. Each plate contains a positive and a negative control sample that will serve not only to evaluate the assay signal window, namely, the dynamic range, but also to check for procedural errors and data variability over time. The formula of Z" is highlighted below wherein tj represents the standard deviation, p the mean value of the control and the positive control/the negative control The investigators should... 

On the third and fourth level supply chain by SCOR model can be seen small, but more detailed metrics for the evaluation of these measures. It is possible to calculate the level of reliability in each loop chain wide variety of pre-selected time periods. In order to measure the speed of the reliability of the entire supply chain in a certain period of time (Haj 2002) proposes that the first step is to determine the type of supply chain, which can be placed in one of five possible structures of reliability (Fig. 3), i.e., serial, parallel, series-parallel or a parallel—serial, and then, on the basis of a formula related reliability of the system, it is possible to calculate the reliability of the whole system during that period. 

Consistent units of measure used in the calculation formulas (calculators) are a must. For example, each calculator is either in US or SI (metric) units (Appendix B). To use these calculators, it may be necessary to convert the units of measure to match those in the formula (Tables 4-1 and 4-2). The calculators here are simplified, often with the constants already incorporating the conversion factors. The derivation of the simplified calculators is given in Appendix D. Chemical feed calculators are provided for the most common treatment situations. Combinations of these calculators may he needed for other treatment systems. 

A measure or metric is basically a mapping function that assigns a number or symbol to an attribute of some entity [17]. Some metrics are basically functions that are defined in terms of a formula, but others are just simple countable data. Examples of countable metrics include the percentage of a task completed, the ratio of task successes to failures, the frequency of program help usage, the time spent dealing with program errors, and the number of on-screen UI elements. Whereas calculable... 

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