Formulae letters

Moneret-Vautrin DA, Hatahet R, Kanny G, Ait-Djafer Z. Allergenic peanut oil in milk formulas [letter]. Lancet 1991 338 ... 

Michael Shannon and John Graef, Hazard of Lead in Infant Formula (letter). The New England Journal of Medicine 326 (1992) 137. 

Write structural formulas showing the constitution of each of peptides Rewrite each sequence using one letter abbreviations... 

Stoichiometric Proportions. The stoichiometric proportions of the constituents in a formula may be denoted by Greek numerical prefixes mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, hexa-, hepta-, octa-, nona- (Latin), deca-, undeca- (Latin), dodeca-,. . . , icosa- (20), henicosa- (21),. . . , tri-conta-(30), tetraconta-(40),. . . , hecta-(100), and so on, preceding without a hyphen the names of the elements to which they refer. The prefix mono can usually be omitted occasionally hemi-(1/2) and sesqui- (%) are used. No elisions are made when using numerical prefixes except in the case of icosa- when the letter i is elided in docosa- and tricosa-. Beyond 10, prefixes may be replaced by Arabic numerals. 

Abbreviations for Ligand Names. Except for certain hydrocarbon radicals, for ligand (L) and metal (M), and a few with H, all abbreviations are in lowercase letters and do not involve hyphens. In formulas, the ligand abbreviation is set off with parentheses. Some common abbrevia-... 

Panel 1.1 The 20 different amino acids that occur in proteins. Only side chains are shown, except for the first amino acid, alanine, where all atoms are shown. The bond from the side chain to Ca is red. A ball-and stick model, the chemical formula, the full name, and the three-letter and one-letter codes are given for each amino acid. 

In the following table the characters of the principal isomerides and other transformation products of the cinchona alkaloids are summarised and references are given to the chief papers dealing with them, and upon which the foregoing account is based. The capital letters in brackets printed after the names of the substances refer to the formulae and explanatory footnote on p. 449. 

The capital letters in braekets refer to the lettered formulae (p. 449). t See notes on formulae, p. 449. 

Notes. In the case of a single oxide (or hydroxide) existing in different allotropic states, indicated by the letters a, b, c, d, etc. the oxides are arranged in descending order of stability, i.e. in ascending order of standard chemical potentials (expressed for an identical chemical formula). 

The discoverer of levorotatory proto-quercitol unfortunately described it (36) as L-quercitol. The capital letter l should of course be understood to designate configuration, not rotation. And according to one widely accepted convention (18,19), the quercitol stereosiomer which has the configuration 13 would be designated V , not l . (See formulas 12 and 13.) The name quercitol is now used in a generic sense (cyclo-hexanepentol), so that there are actually six diastereomers to which the name L-quercitol might apply. 

Note. In writing Haworth formulae, the H atoms hound to the carbon atoms of the ring are often omitted to avoid crowding of the lettering in the ring. For the sake of clarity, the form with H atoms included is preferred in this document. 

The following letters are used in formulas and equations to denote different types of ligands ... 

FIGURE 10.8 Structural formula of P-alanine and pantothenic acid. 1 — P-[3- H]alanine, 2 — D-[3- H]pantothenic acid, 3 — D-[l- C]panthothenic acid. Boldfaced letter H or C denotes radioactivity. 

FIGURE 10.10 Structural formula of folic acid and related compounds. 1 — [3, 5, 7,9- H]folic acid (boldfaced letter H denotes radioactivity), 2 — pterine-6-carboxylic acid, 3 — /)-aminobenzoyl-L-glutamic acid. 

The term KWIK is not an acronym but resulted from the final four letters in the central formula of their paper, which contains the string A(k,C0)/(k). 

The letter g written after the chemical formulas for chlorine (Cl) and hydrogen show that chlorine gas and hydrogen gas are produced by the reaction. 

The coordination conditions can be expressed in a chemical formula using a notation suggested by F. Machatschki (and extended by several other authors for recommendations see [35]). The coordination number and polyhedron of an atom are given in brackets in a right superscript next to the element symbol. The polyhedron is designated with a symbol as listed in Fig. 2.2. Short forms can be used for the symbols, namely the coordination number alone or, for simple polyhedra, the letter alone, e.g. t for tetrahedron, and in this case the brackets can also be dropped. For example ... 

We are going to introduce new predicates and new predicate letters to fill certain special roles. To avoid too much notational complication, let us introduce sane conventions. The formula we shall develop for P containing A and B as dummy symbols we shall call W(P). When the predicates A - the input condition... 

There are three types of triazines that are fused to [1,2,4]triazine parent rings. These are the 1,2,3-, 1,2,4-, and 1,3,5-triazines, and each one is subdivided according to the site of fusion to the parent as indicated by the letter z in the general formulas used below. 

In these formulas the letter X stands for the average copolymer composition, while of denotes the dispersion of the SCD quantitatively characterizing its width. The second of these statistical characteristics is extremely significant for the thermodynamics of the melt of a heteropolymer specimen, being in a simple way AHmix = RT jof connected with the specific enthalpy of mixing Affmix per mole of monomeric units. Here T is the absolute temperature, R represents the gas constant, whereas / denotes the Flory /-parameter whose values are available from the literature for many pairs of monomeric units (see, for example, [7]). 

Zeolites are aluminosilicates characterized by a network of silicon and aluminum tetrahedra with the general formula Mx(A102)x(Si02)Y. The M are cations that are necessary to balance the formal negative charge on the aluminum atoms. The tetrahedra are linked to form repeating cavities or channels of well-defined size and shape. Materials with porous structures similar to zeolites but with other atoms in the framework (P, V, Ti, etc.), as a class are referred to as zeotypes. The structure committee of the International Zeolite Association (IZA http //www.iza-online.org/) has assigned, as of July 1st 2007, 176 framework codes (three capital letters) to these materials. These mnemonic codes do not depend on the composition (i.e. the distribution of different atom types) but only describe the three-dimensional labyrinth of framework atoms. 

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