Formamide At-

Table 2. Vapor Pressure of Formamide at Various Temperatures ...

Eig. 7. CycHc voltammograms for the reduction of 1.0 mAf [2,2 -ethylene-bis(nitrilomethyHdyne)diphenolato]nickel(II) in dimethyl formamide at a glassy carbon electrode, in A, the absence, and B and C the presence of 2.0 and 5.0 mAf 6-iodo-l-phenyl-l-hexyne, respectively (14). 

B) Preparation of 2-(Hydroxyiminomethyl)-1-Methyl Pyridinium Chloride An aqueous solution of 15 ml of 1-methyl-2-picolinium chloride having a concentration of 477 mg/ml Is covered with 50 ml of benzene in an atmosphere of nitrogen and cooled to below 10°C. An aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide is added dropwise and the mixture is stirred for 5 minutes and allowed to stratify. The aqueous phase Is then drawn off and the benzene solution is added slowly to a solution of 3 ml of nitrosyl chloride in 175 ml of benzene containing 0.5 ml of dimethyl formamide at about 10°C in an atmosphere of nitrogen with good agitation. The mixture is then stirred for 1.5 hours and then extracted with four... 

Orange-red crystals of (Et3NH)2Ss are formed on reaction of triethanolamine with sulfur and H2S in formamide at 60 °C and subsequent cooHng to 20 °C [49] ... 

In 2001, Sarko and coworkers disclosed the synthesis of an 800-membered solution-phase library of substituted prolines based on multicomponent chemistry (Scheme 6.187) [349]. The process involved microwave irradiation of an a-amino ester with 1.1 equivalents of an aldehyde in 1,2-dichloroethane or N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 180 °C for 2 min. After cooling, 0.8 equivalents of a maleimide dipo-larophile was added to the solution of the imine, and the mixture was subjected to microwave irradiation at 180 °C for a further 5 min. This produced the desired products in good yields and purities, as determined by HPLC, after scavenging excess aldehyde with polymer-supported sulfonylhydrazide resin. Analysis of each compound by LC-MS verified its purity and identity, thus indicating that a high quality library had been produced. 

Fig. 33. Zimm plot128) for a sample of poly-7-benzyl-L-glutamate in dimethyl formamide at 25 °C...

The formation of cyclopropane by reduction of 1,3-dibromopropane was discovered in 1887. Dissolving metals, in particular zinc dust in ethanol, were employed as an electron source [88], Electrochemical reduction in dimethyl-formamide at a mercury cathode has been found to give good yields of cyclopropane [89, 90], 1,3-dibromo, 1,3-diiodo and l-chloro-3-iodopropane all give greater than 90 % yield of cyclopropane, the other product being propene. 

The photocurrent density of nanotube array samples fabricated in an electrolyte of 1.2 g of NH4F in a solution of 5 ml deionized water + 95 ml formamide at 35 V is shown in Fig. 5.46(a). The resulting nanotube array samples were 30 pm in length, with an outer diameter of 205 nm. The samples were annealed at 525°C and 580°C for 1 hour in oxygen prior to measurement. The 580°C annealed sample had an open circuit voltage Voc of -0.925 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) the 525°C annealed sample had an open circuit voltage... 

Araki et al. have found that La wesson s reagent, 2,4-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-l,3-dithiaphos-phetane-2,4-disulflde, provides a convenient one-step conversion of mesoionic olates to mesoionic thiolates <88BCJ2977>. Thus 3-phenyl-1,2,3,4-thiatriazolium-5-olate (170) was converted to (171) in high yield by refluxing for 50 min in benzene (Equation (14)). This eompound had previously been prepared from compound (161 R = Ph) by treatment with sodium sulfide in aqueous dimethyl-formamide at room temperature <79JCS(Pi)732>. 

Thermal decomposition of formamide at elevated temperatures and reduced pressure ... 

It has been found32 that treatment of methyl 4,6-dichloro-4,6-dideoxy-a-D-gaIac-topyranoside 2,3-di(chlorosulfate) (8) with sodium bromide in N,N-dimethyl-formamide at room temperature affords methyl 4,6-dichloro-4,6-dideoxy-o -D-galactopyranoside and its 2- and 3-mono(chlorosulfate) derivatives. These three products were also formed, in addition to a mono(azidosulfate) derivative, when 8 was treated with sodium azide in N,N-dimethylformamide at room temperature. 

Dioctyloxy-l,l -biphenyl (133 g) was dissolved in 1820ml of N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 0°C and treated with the dropwise addition of N-bromosuccinimide (117.5 g) dissolved in 910 ml TV -dimethylformamide over 60 minutes. Thereafter the mixture was wanned to ambient temperature and stirred overnight. It was then treated with water, extracted with -hexane, and concentrated. The residue was recrystallization in 2-propanol and 122g of product isolated. 

Vielsmeier-Haack formylation of 2-nitro-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-l 1 //-pyrido-[2,l-b]quinazolin-l 1-one (120, R = 2-N02) (84JHC219) and 1,2,3,4,6,7,8,9-octahydro-ll//-pyrido[2,l-6]quinazolin-l 1-one and its 8- and 9-methyl derivatives (87JHC1045) with a mixture of phosphoryl chloride and dimethyl-formamide at 15-20°C gave 6-formyl-2-nitro-5,7,8,9-tetrahydro- (122) and 6-formyl-l,2,3,4,5,7,8,9-octahydro-ll//-pyrido[2,l-b]quinazolin-ll-ones. 

Reaction of ethyl 5,6-dihydro-l-oxo-l//-pyrimido[l,2-a]quinoline-2-carboxylate (39, R = OEt) either with phosphoryl chloride in dimethyl-formamid at ambient temperature for 2 h or with AW-dimethylformamide diethylacetal in boiling benzene for 2 h gave ethyl 5-(dimethylamino-methylene)-5,6-dihydro-l-oxo-l//-pyrimido[l,2-a]quinoline-2-carboxylate (150) (79BEP873192). 

A-(l//-5-Tetrazolyl)-10-(2,3-dimethylpentanoylamino)-7-methyl-4-oxo-4//-pyrimido[2,l-a]isoquinoline-3-carboxamide was prepared on treatment of the 3-carboxylic acid with l,l -carbonyldiimidazole in dimethyl-formamide at ambient temperature under nitrogen, then with 5-amino-lH-tetrazole at 100°C for 1 h (85EUP143001). Treatment of lO-(acylamido)-... 

Reduced viscosity = (t solution-t solvent)/t solvent for 1% solution in dimethyl formamide at 25° C. 

The oximes of 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[6]thiophen-4-one and -7-one undergo the Beckmann rearrangement to give 146 354 451 and 147 (R = H),362 respectively. Compound 147 (R=C1) may be prepared similarly and by treating 2-chloro-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[ ]thio-phen-7-one with ammonia in the presence of PPA.356 The oxime of 4,5,6,7 -tetrahydrobenzo [6]thiophene- 4-one affords 4-aminobenzo [6]-thiophene in a modified Leuckart reaction.241,355 The same oxime may be converted into 4-amino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[ ]thiophene by reduction with aluminum amalgam in methanol.452 The parent ketone also affords 4-amino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[6]thiophene on reaction with formamide at 165°, followed by acidic hydrolysis of the resulting 4-formylamino compound.355... 

The polynuclear complex [Ru(OAc)2(CO)2] (91) has been shown to catalyze the carbonylation of secondary amines to formamides at normal pressure and 75 °C (equation 73). Some primary amines also react.386,387... 

Sections are covered with cover-slips, sealed with rubber cement, denatured by heating at 78°C in a water bath for 10 min, and hybridized overnight at 37°C. The coverslips are carefully removed by floating the slides in 2 X SSC, and the sections are washed twice for 10 min each in a mixture of 2 X SSC and 50% formamide at 40°C, and then three times in PBS. Endogenous peroxidase is blocked by incubation in 1% H202 for 15 min. 

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