Foraminifers

Akimoto, K. and Hasegawa, S. (1989) Bathymetric distribution of the recent benthic foraminifers around Japan. Mem. Geol. Soc. Japan, 32, 229-240 (in Japanese). 

Oki, M. and Hayasaka, S. (1978) Geological study on Kagoshima Bay, South Kyushu, Japan, part IV A note on the peculiar mode of occurrence of foraminifers of the bay-head area. Rept. Fac. Set Kagoshima U., Earth Sci. Biol, 11, 1-11. 

Figure 10. Summary of experimentally determined fractionation factors for Ca isotopes in the formation of foraminifera and coccolith shell carbonate, and for rapid inorganic precipitation of aragonite from an Mg-Ca-Cl solution. Data for the foraminifer G. ornatissima and the coccolith E. huxleyi are from De La Rocha and DePaolo (2000). Data on G. sacculifer are from Nagler et al. (2000). Data for O. universa and aragonite are from Gussone et al. (2003). Two of the forams and the coccolith E. huxleyi have similar fractionation behavior, with an overall fractionation factor of-1 to -1.5%o, and a small temperature dependence of about 0.02 per °C. The foram G. sacculifer appears to have a strongly temperature dependent fractionation factor.

At any event, microorganisms remain far less known than conspicuous species. Microorganisms are subject to high dispersal, as in the recently discovered gene flow for planktonic foraminifers of Arctic and Antarctic waters (Darling 2000). The composition ofthe soil may be also relevant (Yaalon 2000). This is why making an estimate of the diversity of natural products is difflcult. 

Darling, K.F. Wade, C.M. Stewart, I.A. Kroon, D. Dingle, R. Leigh Brown, A.J. (2000) Molecular evidence for genetic mKing of Arctic and Antarctic subpolar populations of planktonic foraminifers. Nature, 405,43-7. 

Fig. 1.7 Cross section of a painting (17th century, Taormina, Italy). Interestingly, the ground was prepared with a pigment obtained by crushing a biocalcarenite rock containing abundant microfossils (globigerine foraminifers, Sicily)...

C2 8 Loess/rendzina Calcareous, fine, silty, compact Foraminifers (chalk) Inner plains... 

Data on the planktonic foraminifer Neogloboquadrina pachyderma from the northeastern region of the Atlantic Ocean (west of Ireland) enabled retrieval of SST and the tracing of Heinrich events associated with iceberg kicks. 

Up the section, the Old Euxinian deposits are gradually replaced by the sediments of the Uzunlarian Formation (end of the Middle Pleistocene). The boundary between these formations is rather conventional it is traced by the reduction in the number of brackish-water mollusk species and the increase in the abundance of the representatives of euryhaline Mediterranean fauna. In the stratotypical section on the coast of Lake Uzunlarian, this formation is represented by two layers. The lower layer is formed by clayey sands and silts, which, along with brackish-water and fresh-water mollusks and benthic foraminifers, contain numerous shells of euryhaline Mediterranean mollusks (Cerastoderma glaucum, Abra ovata, and others). Above, one finds gray-green clays with interlayers of coquina matter mostly formed by marine Mediterranean species. 

Chase MW, Knapp S, Cox AV, Clarkson JJ, Butsko Y, Joseph J, Savolainen V, Parokonny AS 2003. Molecular systematics, GISH and the origin of hybrid taxa in Nicotiana (Solanaceae). Ann Bot 92 107-127 Darling KF, Wade CM, Stewart IA, Kroon D, Dingle R, Brown AJL (2000) Molecular evidence for genetic mixing of Arctic and Antarctic subpolar populations of plankton foraminifers. Nature 405 43-47 Darling KF, Kucera M, Pudsey CJ, Wade CM (2004) Molecular evidence finks cryptic diversification in polar planktonic protists to Quaternary climate dynamics. PNAS 101 7657-7662... 

Formation of supportive structures in animals and algae (e.g. some foraminifers construct their... 

Within the c/x plot for bidentate complexation there is a very constrained region containing all the classical (and some exotic or nltratrace) essential metal ions other than Cn, which exert biocatalytic functions in the center. The heavier alkaline earths Ca. Sr (for corals and foraminifers) and Ba (in desmides) are essential elements bnt hardly for pnrposes of biochemical catalysis, that is, substrate binding measured by c and x does not matter for heavy alkaline earth essentiality. 

Schnitker D. (1994) Deep-sea benthic foraminifers food and bottom water masses. In Carbon Cycling in the Glacial Ocean Constraints on the Ocean s Role in Global Change, NATO ASI Ser. I. 17. (eds. R. Zahn, T. E. Pedersen, M. A. KaminisM, and L. Labeyrie). Springer, Berlin, pp. 539-554. 

The Mg/Ca and of benthic foraminifers are both influenced by the temperature of calcification. This link is the reason that a discussion of Mg/Ca is included in this review. As outlined above, the oxygen isotope composition of biogenic calcite is a function of the temperature and the oxygen isotope composition of the water in which the organism calcified. For benthic foraminiferal records it is widely assumed that mainly the ice volume changes drive the temporal variations in the of... 

Anderson D. M. and Archer D. (2002) Glacial-interglacial stability of ocean pH inferred from foraminifer dissolution rates. Nature 416(6876), 70—73. 

Figure 14 Partially crushed foraminifer with chambers filled by chlorite cement (chi), kaolinite (k), and pyrite (py) cements. Reactions evident in these anomalously large pores are indicative of reactions that may also proceed in smaller pores throughout the shale. Frio Fomiation, Oligocene, South Texas. Backscattered electron image.

The recent sediments of the Aral Sea yielded pollen and spores, diatom algae, foraminifers, and ostracods. Mollusk shells are found in abundance, especially those of C. glaucum, D. polymorpha, Dreisssena caspia, T. pallasi, Hydrobia pusilla, and Adacna minima. 

---