Foraminifers benthic

Akimoto, K. and Hasegawa, S. (1989) Bathymetric distribution of the recent benthic foraminifers around Japan. Mem. Geol. Soc. Japan, 32, 229-240 (in Japanese). 

Up the section, the Old Euxinian deposits are gradually replaced by the sediments of the Uzunlarian Formation (end of the Middle Pleistocene). The boundary between these formations is rather conventional it is traced by the reduction in the number of brackish-water mollusk species and the increase in the abundance of the representatives of euryhaline Mediterranean fauna. In the stratotypical section on the coast of Lake Uzunlarian, this formation is represented by two layers. The lower layer is formed by clayey sands and silts, which, along with brackish-water and fresh-water mollusks and benthic foraminifers, contain numerous shells of euryhaline Mediterranean mollusks (Cerastoderma glaucum, Abra ovata, and others). Above, one finds gray-green clays with interlayers of coquina matter mostly formed by marine Mediterranean species. 

Schnitker D. (1994) Deep-sea benthic foraminifers food and bottom water masses. In Carbon Cycling in the Glacial Ocean Constraints on the Ocean s Role in Global Change, NATO ASI Ser. I. 17. (eds. R. Zahn, T. E. Pedersen, M. A. KaminisM, and L. Labeyrie). Springer, Berlin, pp. 539-554. 

The Mg/Ca and of benthic foraminifers are both influenced by the temperature of calcification. This link is the reason that a discussion of Mg/Ca is included in this review. As outlined above, the oxygen isotope composition of biogenic calcite is a function of the temperature and the oxygen isotope composition of the water in which the organism calcified. For benthic foraminiferal records it is widely assumed that mainly the ice volume changes drive the temporal variations in the of... 

Honisch, B., Bickert, T. Hemming, N. G. 2008. Modern and pleistocene boron isotope composition of the benthic foraminifer Cibicidoides Wuellerstrorfi, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, in press. 

Naidu, P. D. Malmgren, B. a. 1995. Do benthic foraminifer records represent a productivity index in oxygen minimum zone areas An evaluation from the Oman Margin, Arabian Sea. Marine Micropaleontology, 26, 49-55. 

WOLLENBURG, J. E. MaCKENSEN, A. 1998. Living benthic foraminifers from the central Arctic Ocean faunal composition, standing stock and diversity. Marine Micropaleontology, 34, 153—185. 

Holsten, j., Stott, L. Berelson, W. 2004. Recon-stmcting benthic carbon oxidation rates using 8 C of benthic foraminifers. Marine Micropaleontology, 53, 117-132. 

Bickert, T., Wefer, G, 1999. South Atlantic and benthic foraminifer 8 C-deviations Implications for reconstructing the Late Quaternary deep-water circulation. Deep-Sea Research, 46 437-452. 

Van der Zwan GJ, Duijnstee lAP, den Dulk M, etal. (1999) Benthic foraminifers proxies or problems A review of paleoecological concepts. Earth Sciences Reviews 46 213-236. 

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