Forage fish

Cold water communities Warm water forage and limited forage fish communities and limited aquatic life 110 pg/L 3600 pg/L ... 

Johnston TA, Leggett WC, Bodaly RA, Swanson HK. 2003. Temporal changes in mercury bioaccumulation by predatory fishes of boreal lakes following the invasion of an exotic forage fish. Environ Toxicol Chem 22 2057-2062. 

Webber HM, Haines TA. 2003. Mercury effects on predator avoidance behavior of a forage fish, golden shiner (Notemigonus ctysoleucas). Environ Toxicol Chem 22 1556-1561. 

Lake trout, Salvelinus namaycush, whole vs. whole forage fish ... 

Kucklick et al. [139] noted that bloater (Coregonus hoyi) in Lake Superior were among the most highly contaminated forage fish species with respect to toxaphene (1100 260 ng/g ww), higher than sculpin, smelt or herring. Stapleton et al. [138] found that bloaters in GTB displayed very low toxaphene concentrations (92 32 ng/g ww) compared to those in Lake Superior. 

Superior, Michigan, and Huron. Biomagnification factors (BMF, the ratio of the concentration of TCDD-equivalents in bird eggs to concentrations in forage fish) were found to range from 11.7 to 56.8 (mean, 31.3). In another study, all of the CDDs and CDFs detected in double-crested cormorant and Caspian tem eggs were 2,3,7,8-substituted (Yamashita et al. 1992). Concentrations of 2,3,7,8-TCDD,... 

The most widespread native species is the common or silver shiner Notropis cornutus), which is virtually ubiquitous in many surface waters east of the Mississippi in the United States and is also widespread in eastern Canada. This species is important as a forage fish, and as a baitfish. 

The golden shiner Notemigonus crysoleucas) occurs throughout the Great Lakes and Hudson Bay drainage, and is an important forage fish and common baitfish. The fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) has a similar distribution and is also used as a baitfish. 

Forage fish—This refers to small fish that are eaten by larger, economically important fish. 

Forage fish Lower Green Bay 1991 (0.048-0.458) Brazner and De Vita 1998... 

Scheider WA, Cox C, Hayton A, et al. 1998. Current status and temporal trends in concentrations of persistent toxic substances in sport fish and juvenile forage fish in the Canadian waters of the Great Lakes. Environ Monit Assess 53 57-76. 

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