Biomagnification factors

Henny CJ, Kaiser JL, Grove RA, Bentley VR, Elliott JE. 2003. Biomagnification factors (fish to osprey eggs from Willamette River, Oregon, U.S.A.) for PCDDs, PCDFs, PCBs and OC pesticides. Environ Monit Assess 84 275-315. 

Various terms have been defined to quantify the degree to which chemicals accumulate in the tissues and hard parts of marine and aquatic organisms. As illustrated in Figure 28.22, the bioconcentration fector (BCF) is used to quantify uptake from the surrounding medium (seawater). The biomagnification factor (BMF) is a measure of the uptake resulting from dietary intake. Biomagnification is important primarily in seabirds... 

Bioaccumulation is generally referred to as a process in which the chemical concentration in an organism achieves a level that exceeds that in the respiratory medium (e.g., water for a fish or air for a mammal), the diet, or both. The extent to which chemicals bioaccumulate is expressed by several quantities, including the bioconcentration factor (BCF), bioaccumulation factor (BAF), biomagnification factor (BMF), and trophic or food web magnification factor (TMF) [6]. The ecological, biological and chemical parameters involved in the transfer and accumulation of contaminants in food webs are complex. 

Table 7 Example application of process in Box B to evaluate the risk of dioxins in Dutch sediments. No observed effect (NOEC) concentrations for chronic toxicity of dioxins in vertebrates (immune, reproductive and developmental toxicity) expressed as internal concentration (ng TEQ/g Iw). The sediment to fish bioconcentration factor is set at 4 (ng TEQ/g Organic Carbon to ng/g lipid weight in fish) based on Traas et al. (2001). Based on a species-specific biomagnification factor (BMP) from fish to animal (ng TEQ/g Iw) the internal NOEC is extrapolated to a NOEC in sediment. These data are used to construct the SSDs in Figures 5 and 6.

However, biomagnification factors significantly different from 1 may also reflect real processes building up the effective concentrations in a given organism s tissues. Said more accurately, the chemical activity or fugacity of the compound may prove to be greater as one moves up the food chain ... 

Table 10.6 Biomagnification Factors (i.e., Animal Fat-Feed Concentration Ratios), BMFj for PCB52, PCB153, and PCB180 for Transfer from Pasture to Animal Fat...

Describe in words, the parameters (1) bioconcentration factor, (2) biomagnification factor, (3) biota-sediment- and biota-soil- accumulation factor, and (4) bioaccumulation factor. 

Biomagnification factor (BMF) = concentration in lake trout (lipid weight) -t- by average concentration in smelt [49,74,139] or sculpin [5], For Siskiwit Lake the BMF was calculated for lake trout - lake whitefish [74]... 

Biomagnification also can be determined under field conditions, based on chemical concentrations in the organism and its diet. Biomagnification factors derived under controlled laboratory conditions, which exclude uptake through routes other than the diet, are different from those determined under field conditions, because field-based biomagnification factors are inevitably the result of chemical uptake by all routes of chemical uptake, rather than dietary absorption alone. 

Biomagnification can be described by a biomagnification factor (BMF), which is the ratio of the chemical concentration in the organism to the concentration in the organism s diet ... 

Superior, Michigan, and Huron. Biomagnification factors (BMF, the ratio of the concentration of TCDD-equivalents in bird eggs to concentrations in forage fish) were found to range from 11.7 to 56.8 (mean, 31.3). In another study, all of the CDDs and CDFs detected in double-crested cormorant and Caspian tem eggs were 2,3,7,8-substituted (Yamashita et al. 1992). Concentrations of 2,3,7,8-TCDD,... 

Biodegradability Evaluation and Simulation System (German) Federal Institute for Health Protection of Consumers and Veterinary Medicine BenchMark Dose Biomagnification Factor Carcinogenic potency in mice Carcinogenic potency in rats... 

Kow, experimental bioconcentration factor (BCF) or bioaccumulation factors (BAFs), field BAFs, or field biomagnification factors (BMFs)... 

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