For loop

AS )) the function to be minimized is exp (-AS p/R)/ [36]. A quantitative expression for AS can be found by noting that the A monomers in an unstrained loop (N > 4) have essentially two possible confonnations, pointing either inwards or outwards. For loops smaller than a critical size the inward ones are in an apolar environment, since the enclosed water no longer has bulk properties, and the outward ones are in polar bulk water hence the electrostatic charges on... 

A possible explanation for the existence of a minimum value of relative pressure for loop closure was hinted at by Schofield in 1948, who suggested... 

Because of its high strength and toughness, spun nylon yams tend to form unsightiy pihs, ie, balls of fiber on the fabric surface containing some short lengths of fiber, in flat woven and apparel fabrics. This is also why bulked continuous-filament yam (BCE) is preferred over spun yams for loop pile carpets. 

X = 0.45 and a polymer solution concentration of 200 ppm. Vertica correspond to 6 values calculated using (1) the full profile, (2 profile for loops only, (3) the full profile truncated at 17o, and at 2% volume fraction. 

Note the presence of a loop counter. LOOP is the number of times a new guess has been made. If the iteration procedure diverges, the test for LOOP greater than 100 will stop the program with an appropriate explanation of where the problem is. 

Since many digital waveforms are periodic, a GOTO statement is provided for looping. The attributes in Table 8-3 and shown in the screen capture produce a clock frequency of 1 kHz for four cycles and then 500 Hz for an infinite number of cycles ... 

Only about 10% of the Na-i- filtered by the glomerulus is reabsorbed by the distal convoluted tubule (DCT) and therefore the capacity of the thiazide group of diuretics to influence the elimination of Na-H in the urine is limited compared to the loop agents. Thiazides can prevent the reabsorption of up to 5% of the total filtered Na+, whereas the equivalent figure for loop diuretics is about 20%. Thiazides can still produce a moderate naturesis and diuresis compared to carbonic anhydrase inhibitors and the K+-sparing agents. Most thiazides are ineffective at low glomerular filtration rates. They also hinder the ability of the kidneys to produce a dilute urine. 

The most important indications for the use of the loop diuretics include acute pulmonary edema, other edematous conditions, and acute hypercalcemia. The use of loop diuretics in these conditions is discussed in Clinical Pharmacology. Other indications for loop diuretics include hyperkalemia, acute renal failure, and anion overdose. 

The action of thiazides depends in part on renal prostaglandin production. As described for loop diuretics, the actions of thiazides can also be inhibited by NSAIDs under certain conditions. 

Fig. 9. Volume fraction (full line) and its components for loops (broken line) and 4> for tails (dotted line) on the logarithmic scale as functions of the distance from the surface50). The loop contribution i decreases essentially exponentially with i...

Duconge, F. and Toulme, J.J. (1999) In vitro selection identifies key determinants for loop-loop interactions RNA aptamers selective for the TAR RNA element of HIV-1. RNA, 5, 1605-1614. 

Research into the acoustics of musical instruments has revealed considerable evidence that aperiodicity and noise play an important role in the sound quality of a musical instrument. This research reinforces the justifications for using more than one period for looping in sampling. Since the loop is actually a periodic waveform, the number of samples in that loop of course determines the number of spectral components that can be present in the spectrum, and their frequency spacing. N samples are completely specified by N/2 complex Fourier components. At 44100 Hz sample rate, for a 256 sample loop, the spacing between frequencies would be 44100/256 = 172 Hz. Noise or other aperiodic components would be forced to fall on one of these bins. The longer the loop, the closer that spectral components can become, and the more aperiodic they can become. A truly aperiodic waveform would need an infinite loop, but our perception mechanism can be fooled into perceiving aperiodicity with a much shorter loop. 

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