Hysteresis loops for

Fig. 3.28 The Kiselev method for calculation of specific surface from the Type IV isotherm of a compact of alumina powder prepared at 64 ton in". (a) Plot of log, (p7p) against n (showing the upper (n,) and lower (n,) limits of the hysteresis loop) for (i) the desorption branch, and (ii) the adsorption branch of the loop. Values of. 4(des) and /4(ads) are obtained from the area under curves (i) or (ii) respectively, between the limits II, and n,. (6) The relevant part of the isotherm.

Figure 2 shows the two hysteresis loops for a medium and a head material. The coercivity, the saturation magnetisation, Af or iaduction, B, remanent magnetisation, M or iaduction, B, and the permeabiHty, p, differ for the two materials. 

Tetragonal 2inconia is a stmctural ceramic that exhibits ferroelasticity and the toughness enhancement has been estimated to be as high as 5. An example of a partial hysteresis loop for this material is shown in Figure 4 (35). Domains do not have to be present prior to the stress... 

Fig. 4. Paitial hysteresis loop for a feiioelastic material. After the appHed stress is removed a permanent strain - 0.0064 remains (see eq. 1).

Fig. 5.13 Chitosan magnetic nanoparticles (A) TEM micrograph, (B) magnetization hysteresis loops for chitosan and magnetite-loaded chitosan particles. (Reprinted from [68], Copyright (2006), with permission from Elsevier).

Fig. 14 Compression/expansion hysteresis loops for monolayers of dipalmitoylphos-phatidyl choline at 25°C on pure water subphase. Rate of compression/expansion is 12.5 A2/molecule per minute.

Figure 6.54 A hysteresis loop for a ferromagnetic materials. From K. M. Ralls, T. H. Courtney, and J. Wulff, Introduction to Materials Science and Engineering. Copyright 1976 by John Wiley Sons, Inc. This material is used by permission John Wiley Sons, Inc.

Even with the largest values of y, corresponding to systems with very little temperature sensitivity, some limited multiplicity is possible. Condition (7.95) again gives the range within which the cooling temperature must lie and within which the system can display the inverse hysteresis loop for some combinations of 0ad and tn. 

Fig. 12. Parallel magnetostrictive hysteresis loops for TbtFeo.ssCoo.asJi.s Aims (1) as-deposited film and (2) after annealing at 350° C and (3) at 450° C. After Due et al. (2000b).

Fig. 47. Magnetic hysteresis loops for Terfecohan/(Yo.2 0.8) multilayers (a) as-deposited, (b) after annealing...

The NLDFT predicts the critical point for capillary condensation phase transition (capillary critical pore size) at ca. 2 nm, which is approximately the minimum pore size in which capillary condensation is experimentally observed [21,27], However, the theory fails to predict the disappearance of the hysteresis loop for pores smaller than ca. 4 nm (hysteresis critical point) [20,15], It should be noted that the theory of Broekhoff and de Boer fails to predict both critical points unless some additional semi-empirical corrections are made [16]... 

Figure 8.17 shows a hysteresis loop for an anelastic solid subjected to an oscillating stress. If the amplitude of the stress is a0, find the shape of the hysteresis loop ... 

Fig. 1. Hysteresis loop for H2 oxidation on a single catalyst particle in a packed bed of inactive pellets. Linear gas flow rate w = 1.7 cm/sec. 0 H2 percentage increasing, percentage decreasing (75). (Reprinted with permission from Advances in Chemistry Series. Copyright by the American Chemical Society.)...

Fig. 10 Hysteresis loops for a single crystal of [(Pc)2Ho0 02Yo.98] TBA+ at 0.04 K measured at several field scan rates...

Fig. 2.46 Hysteresis loops for (a) a single-domain single crystal of BaTi03 and (b) BaTi03 ceramic.

Figure 3. Hysteresis loops for FePt particles calculated using the modified Stoner-Wohlfarth model for high exchange (A = 1.4 10"11 J/m) and low exchange (A = 0.4 10 11 J/m).

Figure 12. Hysteresis loops for the [Mn4]2 dimer at several field sweep rates and 40 mK. The tunnel transitions (manifested by steps) are labeled from 1 to 5, see Fig. 1.

Hysteresis loops for L10 nanocomposite FePt C film is shown in Fig. 35. Inset is the XRD patterns of the same FePt C film, on which (001), (002) peaks appear indicating that FePt grains are (001) oriented. The full width at... 

Figure 13. Initial magnetization curves and hysteresis loops for self-assembled Fe58Pti2 assemblies annealed at (A) 550°C, (B) 600°C, and (C) 800°C, respectively [57].

Figure 14. Hysteresis loops for 2 GdRu2-CeRu2 alloys showing (a) superconductivity and ferromagnetism, (b) superconductivity alone (4)...

It is rather obvious that an indirect response mechanism, whatever the detailed processes involved, results in a counterclockwise hysteresis loop for the effect-concentration relationship, Figure 10.2. Here, however, the elaboration of the observed response is usually secondary to a previous time-consuming synthesis or degradation of an endogenous substance(s) or mediator(s). Since both the indirect-link and indirect response models have counterclockwise hysteresis effect-concentration plots, an approach based on the time of the maximum effect has been applied to furosemide data [440] for indirect (link or response) model selection. 

AB Compounds. The most well known of the AB compounds is FeTi, developed about 1969 at Brookhaven National Lab(15). A hysteresis loop for FeTi is shown in Figure 8. Note there are effectively two plateaus representing approximately... 

A long-standing problem is the interpretation of the hysteresis loop. For many years the desorption branch was favoured for pore size analysis, but this practice is now considered to be unreliable. There are three related problems (a) network-percolation effects (b) delayed condensation and (c) instability of the condensate below a critical p/p°. 

Figure 2.14. Hypothetical hysteresis loops for polycrystalline films with the same chemical composition but with different textures.

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