Immunoassay food analyses

Morgan, M. R. A. Newer techniques in food analysis - immunoassays and their application to small molecules. J. Assoc. Public Anal., 23 59-63. 1985. 

V. Lopez-Avila, C. Charan, and J. van Emon, Supercritical fluid extraction-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay applications for determination of pesticides in soil and food, in Immunoassays for Residue Analysis Food Safety (R.C. Beier and L.H. Stanker eds), ACS Symposium Series 621, American Chemical Society, Washington (1996). 

Morris, B.A. and Clifford, M.N. (1984) Immunoassays in Food Analysis. Elsevier Applied Science Publishers, London. 

B.A. Morris, M.N. Clifford and R. Jackman (eds.), Immunoassays for Vetemary and Food Analysis, Elsevier Applied Science, London, 1988. 

C.J. Smith, In Development and Application of Immunoassay for Food Analysis, J.H. Rittenburg (ed.), Elsevier Applied Science, London, 1990, P-3-... 

Immunoassays have become the most valuable analytical tool of medicinal in vitro diagnostics and are routinely employed for the detection of a wide range of analytes (e.g. hormones, peptides, proteins, viruses, pharmaceuticals). Further important areas of application are environmental pollutants and food analysis. 

Food-Analysis. 2. Molecular biology. 3. Immunoassay. 1. Diaz-Amigo,... 

As an analytical approach to residue analysis, immunoassay methods are not well characterized, and no validation protocols have been established. The Association of Official Analytical Chemists, whose primary purpose is validation of analytical methods, established a Task Force on Test Kits and Proprietary Methods (2), which has addressed some of the issues relating to immunoassay methods. The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry s Commission on Food Chemistry has established a Working Group on Immunochemical Methods, whose first project is to develop draft guidelines on criteria for evaluation, validation, and quality control for r o-immunoassay methods (10). Similar guidelines for EIAs will also be developed. These documents will assist in development and standardization of requirements for precision for both between-laboratories and within-laboratory andyses, accuracy, and ruggedness, and— for qualitative methods— false positive and false negative rates. 

For the assay of AF exposure the use of AF-albumin adducts is a significant advance over previous methods of extrapolation from food analysis and the use of questionnaires (see A), giving a measure of biologically effective dose which may also reflect DNA damage in the liver (as discussed above). The availability of two complementary methods constitutes a strong reliable approach although it is still noteworthy that it is the immunoassay which permits the application to field studies with the hplc-fluorescence analysis limited to tens... 

Hitchcock, C. H. S. Immunoassay techniques for food analysis. Anal. Proc. (London), 24 146-7. 1987. 

Morris, B. A. Clifford, M. N. Jackman, R, Immunoassays for Veterinary and Food Analysis. (Elsevier Appl. Science London, UK), 392 pp. 1988. 

Galante, Y M. Comitti, R. Applications of enzyme immunoassays in food analysis. Chim. Oggi, (1-2), 57-64. 1988. Italian. 

Biological monitoring techniques such as immunoassays are now available for environmental analysis. These form the basis of low cost, rapid, and highly selective kits for the determination of specific compounds or classes of compounds, such as polyaromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, pesticides, herbicides, and insecticides, in food, water, and soil matrices. They are simple to use and are well suited to screening sites for contamination prior to sampling and laboratory analysis. Immunoassays can also be applied to blood and urine samples for assessing the exposure of organisms to contaminants. 

Although the use of CE in food analysis is limited compared with LC, many applications have been reported in recent years in the study of food proteins and peptides. It has been shown that the sensitivity provided by CE using LIE detection for bovine whey proteins is twice as good as that provided by UV detection, under the same separation conditions. LIF detection has also been used together with affinity interactions to enhance the detection sensitivity in CE. For instance, an immunoassay detection method has been described using a polyclonal antibody marked with fluorescein to determine lactoferrin. CE-LIF has also been applied to the determination of amines and amino acids in several samples such as wine and milk products. 

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