Follicles development

Induction of ovulation, stimulation of multiple follicle development... 

Macklon, N. and Fauser, B. 2001. Follicle stimulating hormone and advanced follicle development in the human. Archives of Medical Research 32(6), 595-600. 

Sodium iodide 131 is an oral liquid that concentrates in the thyroid and initially disrupts hormone synthesis by incorporating into thyroid hormones and thyroglobulin. Over a period of weeks, follicles that have taken up RAI and surrounding follicles develop evidence of cellular necrosis and fibrosis of the interstitial tissue. 

During each cycle one, and only one, follicle develops and at mid-cycle releases its ovum (about day 14). This mature folhcle is called the Graafian folhcle (Figure 19.7). 

Ovary follicle development, ovulation, estrogen synthesis testis spermatogenesis... 

These preparations are used in states of infertility to stimulate ovarian follicle development in women and spermatogenesis in men. In both sexes, they must be used in conjunction with a luteinizing hormone, ie, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), to permit ovulation and implantation in women and testosterone production and full masculinization in men. 

Reich, R., Haberman, S., Abisogun, A.O., Sofer, Y., Grossman, S., Adelmann-Grill, B.C. and Tsafriri, A. (1986) In Proc. Serono Symp. The control of follicle development, ovary and luteal function. (Naftolin, F. and De Cherney, A.H., eds.) (in press) Raven Press, New York. 

Q3 At the start of the cycle (which is the first day of the menstrual flow) a number of primary follicles begin to develop in the ovary, and initially oestrogen and progesterone levels are low. In the follicular phase, as the follicles develop, oestrogen levels rise considerably and ovulation occurs after 14 days when the follicle ruptures. 

Q1 The primordial follicles in which ova develop, form in the embryo and the maximal number 1-2 million, is present at birth. Follicles are located in the cortex of the ovary and each contains a primary oocyte. Following sexual maturation at puberty about 200 000 follicles remain, some of these will develop into primary follicles. During reproductive life a number of the primary follicles develop further, leading to ovulation, the remainder decline (a process known as atresia). 

In contrast to T cells, in different immunopathologies, the brain provides a fostering envkonment to B cells. Primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphomas are usually of B cell origin. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with chronic infections and autoimmune diseases of the CNS typically contains remarkably stable oligoclonal Ig bands. In the CNS of multiple sclerosis patients, clonally expanded B cells and plasma cells persist. Ectopic B cell follicles develop in the meninges of patients with secondary progressive MS, and B cell differentiation may be recapitulated in the CNS of MS patients (Krumbholz et al., 2006) (see Chapters 18-24). 

Follicle bioassay (FBA) Oocyte growth, follicle development, oocyte maturation to metaphase II Hazard identification that could affect fertility... 

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)—A polypeptide hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland that promotes ovarian follicle development and stimulates estradiol and progesterone. 

C. Progesterone is secreted by the corpus luteum under the influence of LH. Together with estrogen, it promotes the thickening and maintenance of the endometrium. Progesterone inhibits GnRH release, uterine contraction, and follicle development. 

Ovarian gametogenesis has been described as intricate and delicately balanced. Although complicated, this process is also characterized by multiple redundancies providing robustness to the process that allows for compensation for isolated gene defects. Many processes that occur in embryonic development are also necessary for follicle development and normal ovarian function. Genes that regulate other developmental processes might also have a role in follicle development. 

In the thymus of transgenic mice in which LIF is overexpressed in T cells, cortical CD4+CD8+ lymphocytes are lost, while numerous B cell follicles develop (Shen et al., 1994). Moreover, peripheral lymph nodes contain a vastly expanded CD4+CD8+ lymphocyte population, and the thymic epithelium is profoundly disorganized. This is consistent with the idea that disruption of stroma-... 

D. Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) FSH is a glycoprotein that stimulates gametogenesis and follicle development in women and spermatogenesis in men. The preparation usually used is urofollitropin, a product extracted from the urine of postmenopausal women. 

Urofollitropin, a natural product like the menotropins, is obtained from the urine of postmenopausal women and then highly purified so as to contain only FSFI, reportedly with only minute amounts of LFI. Urofollitropin is used for its ability to stimulate follicle development, such as in women undergoing drug-induced pituitary suppression (GnRFI antagonist or superagonist) for purposes of IVF (i.e., multiple follicle development or egg donation). When the number and size of the ovarian follicles are correct, as determined by ultrasound, hCG is administered so as to effect ovulation, and the oocytes are retrieved for IVF. 

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