Flux densities, units

Flux density (units = particles area time )... 

To see this, let us introduce some definitions first. The Poynting vector G represents energy flux density (units esu2cm-3 s-1 = ergcm2s 1). It is a capability of the electromagnetic field to perform work defined as... 

At very low densities It Is quite easy Co give a theoretical description of thermal transpiration, alnce the classical theory of Knudsen screaming 9] can be extended to account for Che Influence of temperature gradients. For Isothermal flow through a straight capillary of circular cross-section, a well known calculation [9] gives the molar flux per unit cross-sectional area, N, In the form... 

The major losses within any core material are the hysteresis loss and eddy current loss. These losses are typically lumped together by the core manufacturer and given in a graph of watts lost per unit volume V5. the peak operational flux density (5max) and frequency of operation. Hysteresis loss is given as... 

In more specific studies of transport processes, flux is normally defined as the amoimt of material transferred per unit area per unit time. To distinguish between these two conflicting definitions, we refer to the latter as "flux density."... 

This is Planck s famous radiation law, which predicts a spectral energy density, p , of the thermal radiation that is fully consistent with the experiments. Figure 2.1 shows the spectral distribution of the energy density p for two different temperatures. As deduced from Equation (2.2), the thermal radiation (also called blackbody radiation) from different bodies at a given temperature shows the same spectral shape. In expression (2.2), represents the energy per unit time per unit area per frequency interval emitted from a blackbody at temperature T. Upon integration over all frequencies, the total energy flux (in units of W m ) - that is, Atot = /o°° Pv Av - yields... 

The SI unit for magnetic flux density or magnetic induction (symbolized by T) equal to a weber per square meter. One tesla is equivalent to lO" gauss. 

The magnitude of the charge per unit area on either plate, called the electric displacement or flux density. Do, is directly proportional to the field ... 

In this equation ut should be interpreted as the volumetric flux density (directional flow rate per unit total area). The indexes range from 1 to 3, and repetition of an index indicates summation over that index according to the conventional summation convention for Cartesian tensors. The term superficial velocity is often used, but it is in our opinion that it is misleading because n, is neither equal to the average velocity of the flow front nor to the local velocity in the pores. The permeability Kg is a positive definite tensor quantity and it can be determined both from unidirectional and radial flow experiments [20], Darcy s law has to be supplemented by a continuity equation to form a complete set of equations. In terms of the flux density this becomes ... 

Dose 1. In EB processing the amount of energy absorbed per unit mass, unit 1 Gray (Gy) = 1 J/kg. 2. In UV processing a common, but loosely used term for irradiant energy density or flux density at a surface of the medium of interest (unit J/cm ). 

To consider magnetic flux density components of IAIV, Q must have the units of weber and R, the scalar curvature, must have units of inverse square meters. In the flat spacetime limit, R 0, so it is clear that the non-Abelian part of the field tensor, Eq. (6), vanishes in special relativity. The complete field tensor F vanishes [1] in flat spacetime because the curvature tensor vanishes. These considerations refute the Maxwell-Heaviside theory, which is developed in flat spacetime, and show that 0(3) electrodynamics is a theory of conformally curved spacetime. Most generally, the Sachs theory is a closed field theory that, in principle, unifies all four fields gravitational, electromagnetic, weak, and strong. 

Since /, the intensity of radiation is the energy flux per unit area per unit time, it is related to the radiation density p(v m) by the factor c, the velocity of light ... 

Neutron flux density is the number of neutrons that enter a sphere of unit cross-sectional area per unit of time. This quantity is sometimes defined in terms of a unidirectional beam of neutrons incident perpendicularly upon a unit area, but this definition is less general. It is also sometimes called neutron current density. 

GAUSS (G). A unit of magnetic flux density, or magnetic induction. The ratio of the flux in any cross section to the area of that cross section, the cross section being taken normal to the direction of flow. One gauss equals j maxwell per square centimeter. (The gauss is a unit of the CGS system. Use of the SI unit the tesla, is preferred.)... 

TESLA (T). A unit of magnetic flux density (magnetic induction). The magnetic flux density of a uniform field that produces a torque of 1 newton-meter on a plane current loop carrying 1 ampere and having a projected area of 1 square meter on the plane perpendicular to the field. T = N/A in. (The SI unit of magnetic flux density)... 

---