Fluoroacetate ethanol

Sodium fluoroacetate.1 To methyl fluoroacetate (46-0 g., 0-5 mol.) suspended in water (100 c.c. containing a few drops of phenolphthalein) sodium hydroxide (0-5 mol., 20 g. in 100 c.c. water) is added slowly. The mixture is kept well stirred, and the rate of addition governed by the disappearance of the red coloration. When the addition of sodium hydroxide is complete, a few more drops of M.F.A. are added to render the solution acid. It is then evaporated on the water-bath until crystallization starts, cooled and the solid filtered off. More solid is obtained from the filtrate by the addition of alcohol total yield 45-5g. (91-0 per cent). (Found F, 19-0. Calc, for C2H202FNa F, 19-0 per cent.) This is characterized as p-nitrobenzyl fluoroacetate as follows. p-Nitrobenzyl bromide (0-9 g.), dissolved in alcohol (10 c.c.), is added to a solution of sodium fluoroacetate (0-3 g.) in the minimum amount of water. The mixture is heated under a reflux condenser for 2 hr. and allowed to cool the solid is collected by filtration, and crystallized from ethanol as long needles, m.p. 76°. 

Class B Fluoroacetic acid and salts, e.g. sodium fluoroacetate, triethyl-lead fluoroacetate all simple esters of fluoroacetic acid fluoroacetamide and substituted amides fluoroacetamidine hydrochloride fluoroacetyl chloride and fluoride fluoro-ethanol and its simple esters fluoroacetaldehyde. 

Fluoroethanol, in contrast to ethanol, is only weakly oxidized by purified alcohol dehydrogenases, the rate being one-tenth to one-twentieth. Nevertheless, this rate appears sufficient to produce a typical fluoroacetate poisoning. A fairly long lag period in the development of the fluoroacetate symptoms possibly masks the time required for oxidation of fluoroethanol. 

Some toxicants that affect body temperature are shown in Figure 6.11. Among those that increase body temperature are benzadrine, cocaine, sodium fluoroacetate, tricyclic antidepressants, hexachlorobenzene, and salicylates (aspirin). In addition to phenobarbital and ethanol, toxicants that decrease body temperature include phenothiazine, clonidine, glutethimide, and haloperidol. 

Examples of toxicants that affect body temperature. Amphetamine, cocaine, and fluoroacetate increase body temperature phenobarbital and ethanol decrease it. 

Fluoroacetic acid is the toxic principle of the South African plant gifblaar, Dichapetalum cymosum = Chailletia cymosa) (Dichapetalaceae). Crystals. M.p. 33° to 35°. B.p. 165° to 168°. Soluble in water and ethanol practically insoluble in most common organic solvents. 

Tourtelotte, W.W., Coon, J.M. (1949). Synergistic effect of sodium acetate and ethanole in antagonizing sodium fluoroacetate poisoning in mice. Fed. Proc. 8 339-50. 

Thus, ethanol-water (7 3 v/v) and methanol-water in various ratios for flavonoids, methanol-25 % HCl (9 1 v/v), methanol-acetic acid (5%), methanol-tri-fluoroacetic acid (3%) for unstable anthocyanins, acetone, methanol-acetone mixtures for carotenoids, acetone and petroleum ether for chlorophylls, and so forth. The pigments are fairly stable in their natural environment, but they generally become unstable in extracts this has to be taken into consideration in the development of new, more efficaceous extraction procedures. 

The final condensation with formaldehyde at 60-90 C and atmospheric pressure takes place in the presence of H2S04 in two phases and then, after removal of the water phase, an additional treatment with, for example, tri-fluoroacetic acid in a homogeneous phase this has over 95% selectivity to the diurethane at a urethane conversion of about 40%. The last step, the thermal elimination of ethanol, is done at 230—280°C and 10—30 bar in a solvent the selectivity to MDI is over 93%. The Asahi process has not been used commercially [91]. 

The popularity of the poly(saccharide) derivatives as chiral stationary phases is explained by the high success rate in resolving low molecular mass enantiomers. It has been estimated that more than 85% of all diversely structured enantiomers can be separated on poly(saccharide) chiral stationary phases, and of these, about 80% can be separated on just four stationary phases. These are cellulose tris(3,5-dimethylphenyl carbamate), cellulose tris(4-methylbenzoate), amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenyl carbamate), and amylose tris(l-phenylethyl carbamate). Typically, n-hexane and propan-2-ol or ethanol mixtures are used as the mobile phase [111]. Both the type and concentration of aliphatic alcohols can affect enantioselectivity. Further mobile phase optimization is restricted to solvents compatible with the stationary phase, such as ethers and acetonitrile, as binary or ternary solvent mixtures, but generally not chloroform, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, or tetrahydrofuran. Small volumes of acidic (e.g. tri-fluoroacetic acid) or basic (n-butylamine, diethylamine) additives may be added to the mobile phase to minimize band broadening and peak tailing [112]. These additives, however, may be difficult to remove from the column by solvent rinsing to restore it to its original condition. 

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