Fluid, petroleum properties

Starling, K. E., Fluid Thermodynamic Properties for Light Petroleum Sv terns, Houston, TX Gulf Publishing Company, 1973. 

Biodiesel is diesel fuel produced from vegetable oils and other renewable resources. Many different types of oils can he used, including animal fats, used cooking oils, and soybean oil. Biodiesel is miscible with petroleum diesels and can he used in biodiesel-diesel blends. Most often blends are 20 percent biodiesel and 80 percent traditional diesel. Soy diesel can be used neat (100%), hut many other types of biodiesel are too viscous, especially in winter, and must be used in blends to remain fluid. The properties of the fuel will vaiy depending on the raw material used. Typical values for biodiesel are shown in Table 1. 

Figure 11-26. Vapor pressure curve for ethylene refrigerant. (Used by permission Starling, K. E. Fluid Thermodynamic Properties for Light Petroleum Systems, 1973. Gulf Publishing Co., Houston, Texas. All rights reserved.)...

Figure D-6 Pressure-enthalpy diagram for ethylene. (From RE Sterling, Fluid Thermal Properties for oi Petroleum Systems. Houston, TX Gulf Pub. Reprinted by permission.) - ...

Finding Work of Compression with a Thermodynamic Chart Hydrogen sulfide is to be compressed from 100°F and atmospheric pressure to SOpsig. The isentropic efficiency is 0.70. A pressure-enthalpy chart is taken from Starling (Fluid Thermodynamic Properties for Light Petroleum Systems, Gulf, Houston, TX, 1973). The work and the complete thermodynamic conditions for the process will be found. 

McCail, W. D., Properties of Petroleum Fluids, Petroleum Publishing Company, Tulsa, Okla., 1973. 

Polymer solutions and melts, residual oils, rubber solutions, many petroleum products, paper pulps, biological fluids (blood, plasma), pharmaceutical compounds (emulsions, creams, and pastes), various food products (fats and sour cream) can serve as examples of pseudoplastic fluids. Dilatant properties are mainly exhibited by high-concentration or coarse-disperse systems (such as... 

Knowledge of physical properties of fluids is essential to the process engineer because it enables him to specify, size or verify the operation of equipment in a production unit. The objective of this chapter is to present a collection of methods used in the calculation of physical properties of mixtures encountered in the petroleum industry, different kinds of hydrocarbon components, and some pure compounds. 

In Section 5.2.8 we shall look at pressure-depth relationships, and will see that the relationship is a linear function of the density of the fluid. Since water is the one fluid which is always associated with a petroleum reservoir, an understanding of what controls formation water density is required. Additionally, reservoir engineers need to know the fluid properties of the formation water to predict its expansion and movement, which can contribute significantly to the drive mechanism in a reservoir, especially if the volume of water surrounding the hydrocarbon accumulation is large. 

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