Thermodynamic chart

The 1993 ASHRAE Handbook—Fundamentals (SI ed.) has a thermodynamic chart for pressures from 0.1 to 1000 har for temperatures up to 580 K. Saturation and superheat tables and a diagram to 30,000 psia, 580 F appear in Stewart, R. B., R. T Jacohsen, et al., Theimodynamic Propeiiies of Refiigerants, ASHRAE, Atlanta, GA, 1986 (521 pp.). For specific heat, thermal conductivity, and viscosity, see Theimophysical Propeiiies of Refngeiants, ASHRAE, 1993. 

E.I.duPont deNemours Co, Ammonia Oxidation Manual, Wilmington,Del(1942-5) (USDept of Army Contr W-36-034-ORD-3839) (ConfXNot used as a source of information for this work) 21)p.G.Slachman, ChemMet-Engrg 52,No 10, 115(1945) 22)B.C.01dham, "Thermodynamic Charts of Freon, Ammonia, Aqua Ammonia and Carbon Dioxide," Author,... 

Finding Work of Compression with a Thermodynamic Chart Hydrogen sulfide is to be compressed from 100°F and atmospheric pressure to SOpsig. The isentropic efficiency is 0.70. A pressure-enthalpy chart is taken from Starling (Fluid Thermodynamic Properties for Light Petroleum Systems, Gulf, Houston, TX, 1973). The work and the complete thermodynamic conditions for the process will be found. 

Finding Work of Compression with a Thermodynamic Chart 160... 

Combustion) and in September issues of succeeding years 3)Third Symposium on Combustion, Flame and Explosion Phenomena, held at Univ of Wisconsin in 1948, published by Williams Wilkins, Baltimore(1949), pp 536 94 4)H.C. Hottel, E.C. Williams C.N. Satterfeld, "Thermodynamic Charts for Combustion Processes , Wiley, N.Y.(1949) 5)B.Lewis G.von Elbe, "Combustion, Flame and Explosion of Gases , Academic Press, NY(1951) 6)Kirk Othmer 6(1951), 913-35(Combusrion of fuels) 7)Fourth Symposium(Intemational) on Combustion, held a t Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1952 and published by Williams Wilkins, Baltimore(1953) 8)B.Lewis, "Remarkson the Combustion Waves , Selected Combustion Problems, NATO, AGARD, Combustion Colloquium , Cambridge Univ, Dec 1953, Butter worths, London(1954) 9)S.Haffner, "A Survey of Available Literature on the Rapid Combustion of Metals in Air , PATR 2061(1954)... 

Thermodynamic Charts of Freon, Ammonia, Aqua Ammonia and Carbon Dioxide," Author,... 

Combustion) and in September issues of succeeding years 3)Third Symposium on Combustion, Flame and Explosion Phenomena, held at Univ of Wisconsin in 1948, published by Williams Wilkins, BaItimore 1949), pp 536-94 4)H.C. Hottel, E.C. Williams C.N. Satterfeld, "Thermodynamic Charts for Combnstion Processes , Wiley, N.V.(1949) 5)B.Lewis G. von... 

TABLE BIO Thermodynamic Charts Showing Enthalpy Data for Pure Compounds ... 

Related Calculations. When specific thermodynamic charts, namely, enthalpy-temperature, entropy-temperature, and enthalpy-entropy, are not available for a particular system, use the generalized enthalpy and entropy charts to perform expander-compressor calculations, as shown in this example. 

Compression Work with Variable Heat Capacity 157 Polyfropic and Isentropic Efficiencies 158 Finding Work of Compression with a Thermodynamic Chart 160... 

Combustion gases H.C. Hottel, G.C. Williams, and C.N. Satterfield, Thermodynamic Charts for Combustion Processes (I) Text, (II) Charts, Wiley, New York, 1949. 

Thermodynamic Charts for Combustion Processes, H. D. Hottel, G. C. Williams and C. N. Satterfield (Wiley)... 

Values extracted and in some cases rounded off from those cited in Rabinovich (ed.), Thermophysical Properties of Neon, At on, Krypton and Xenon, Standards Press, Moscow, 1976. v = specific volume, mVkg h = specific enthalpy, kj/kg s = specific entropy, kJ/(kg-K). This source contains an exhaustive tabulation of values. The notation 7.420.-4 signifies 7.420 x 10". This book was published in English translation by Hemisphere, New York, 1988 (604 pp.). The 1993 ASHRAE Handbook—Fundamentals (SI ed.) has a thermodynamic chart for pressures from 1 to 2000 bar, temperatures from 90 to 700 K. Saturation and superheat tables and a chart to 50,000 psia, 1220 R appear in Stewart, R. B., R. T. Jacobsen, et al.. Thermodynamic Properties of Refrigerants, ASHRAE, Atlanta, GA, 1986 (521 pp.). For specific heat, thermal conductivity, and viscosity see Thermophysical Properties of Refrigerants, ASHRAE, 1993. 

A useful representation of the properties of pure fluids is in the form of graphs. Thermodynamic charts, although not convenient for large-scale calculations, such as those required in the design of chemical processes, are very useful in visualizing a process and in obtaining the solution to small-scale problems graphically. A thermodynamic chart consists of two primary properties that are chosen as the axes and contains additional information in the form of phase boundaries and contours of various properties. 

Learn to use various thermodynamic charts such as the entropy-temperature, enthalpy-entropy and enthalpy-pressure charts to perform graphical calculations of various units and processes. 

We have seen that to describe the thermodynamic properties of a phase either a characteristic function or the terms of a characteristic matrix must be known, or a certain number of carefully chosen thermodynamic coefBcienls. The functions usable for real phases do not always take mathematically simple forms that allow easy manipulation as one often resorts to graphical representations, called thermodynamic charts. There are a large number of possibilities however, the two main types of chart in use are discussed in the following. 

---