Flowsheet extraction

Consider the simple flowsheet shown in Fig. 6.2. Flow rates, temperatures, and heat duties for each stream are shown. Two of the streams in Fig. 6.2 are sources of heat (hot streams) and two are sinks for heat (cold streams). Assuming that heat capacities are constant, the hot and cold streams can be extracted as given in Table 6.2. Note that the heat capacities CP are total heat capacities and... 

Solution First, extract the stream data from the flowsheet. This is given in Table 6.4. 

Figure 3 shows a flowsheet for plutonium processing at Rocky Flats. Impure plutonium metal is sent through a molten salt extraction (MSE) process to remove americium. The purified plutonium metal is sent to the foundry. Plutonium metal that does not meet foundry requirements is processed further, either through an aqueous or electrorefining process. The waste chloride salt from MSE is dissolved then the actinides are precipitated with carbonate and redissolved in 7f1 HN03 and finally, the plutonium is recovered by an anion exchange process. 

The above information was used to develop conceptual flowsheets for the extraction of all of the actinides (U, Np, Pu, Am, and Cm) from high-level liquid waste from PUREX processing using 0.4 M 0fuel using 0.8 M DHDECMP in DEB. In both flowsheets, no oxidation state of Pu is necessary since the III, IV, and VI state extract into the organic phase. 

Conceptual Flowsheet for the Extraction of Actinides from HLLW. Figure 5 shows a conceptual flowsheet for the extraction of all the actinides (U, Np, Pu, Am, and Cm) from HLLW using 0.4 M 0< >D[IB]CMP0 in DEB. The CMPO compound was selected for this process because of the high D m values attainable with a small concentration of extractant and because of the absence of macro-concentrations of uranyl ion. Distribution ratios relevant to the flowsheet are shown in previous tables, IV, V, VI, and VII and figures 1 and 2. One of the key features of the flowsheet is that plutonium is extracted from the feed solution and stripped from the organic phase without the addition of any nitric acid or use of ferrous sulfamate. However, oxalic acid is added to complex Zr and Mo (see Table IV). The presence of oxalic acid reduces any Np(VI) to Np(IV) (15). The presence of ferrous ion, which is... 

Conceptual flowsheet for the extraction of actinides from high-level liquid waste using 0.4 M 0<)>D[IB]CMP0 in DEB. 

The flowsheet in Figure 6 is somewhat analogous to that proposed and tested by Mclsaac, Baker, Krupa, LaPointe, Meikrantz, and Schroeder C3) for processing HLLW from LWR using DHDECMP. The major differences are the larger phase ratios in the extraction... 

An important feature of both flowsheets is that the oxidation state of plutonium does not have to be adjusted because all three states, III, IV, and VI, extract. Another feature of the flowsheets is that Am(III) and Cm(III) follow Pu through the separation scheme and thus behave as denaturing nuclides. 

Figure 1.25 General flowsheet outline for extraction of metals.

Figure 4.8 Flowsheet for copper extraction from sulphide concentrates.

Figure 5.14 Generalized solvent extraction process flowsheet.

The present description pertaining to copper refers to solvent extraction of copper at the Bluebird Mine, Miami. When the plant became operational in the first quarter of 1968 it used L1X 64, but L1X 64N was introduced in to its operation from late 1968. The ore consists of the oxidized minerals, chrysocolla and lesser amounts of azurite and malachite. A heap leaching process is adopted for this copper resource. Heap-leached copper solution is subjected to solvent extraction operation, the extractant being a solution of 7-8% L1X 64N incorporated in kerosene diluent. The extraction process flowsheet is shown in Figure 5.20. The extraction equilibrium diagram portrayed in Figure 5.21 (A) shows the condi-... 

Commercial-scale application of solvents coming under the category of neutral reagents is largely found as applied to the nuclear industry materials, as in example, for the separation and refining of uranium, plutonium, thorium, zirconium, and niobium. A process flowsheet for extracting niobium and tantalum from various resources is shown in Figure 5.23. It will... 

Normally, a number of stages of extraction work in a countercurrent cascade, with mixer-settlers. A generalized flowsheet for the Am ex process is shown in Figure 5.34. Stripping may be implemented by any one of the reagents, as indicated in the figure. Alternatively,... 

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