Flowsheets extraction

The Alcoa (Aluminum Company of America) process involves the electrolysis of aluminum chloride which is carried out in a molten bath of the composition 50% sodium chloride, 45% lithium chloride and 5% aluminum chloride, maintained at 700 °C. The Bayer process, which involves the production of pure alumina by the dissolution of bauxite with caustic soda and which has been described in the chapter on hydrometallurgy, must be taken into account while presenting a complete picture of the aluminum extraction flowsheet. It... 

Figure 10 A typical solvent extraction flowsheet for PGM refining.290,291...

Birkett, J.E., Carrott, M.J., Fox, O.D. et al. 2007. Controlling neptunium and plutonium within single cycle solvent extraction flowsheets for advanced fuel cycles. J. Nucl. Sci. Technol. 44 (3) 337-343. 

Even though in the THOREX process 233U can be preferentially recovered from irradiated thorium fuel by using an extraction flowsheet based on 5% TBP n-dodecane as the extractant, further lowering of the concentration of TBP in the solvent has certain advantages in terms of reduced co-extraction of thorium and fission products (195, 196). Ramanujam et al. reported a sequential precipitation technique... 

A solvent-extraction flowsheet is broken down into sections such as extraction, scrub, and strip. For each section, one or more component in a process fluid must be moved from one phase to the other phase with a specified degree of completeness. The first design problem is to determine the number of stages for each section to accomplish the required component transfer. With the well-defined stages of the centrifugal contactor, the following extraction factor (E) can be used to estimate the number of stages required ... 

Zhou, J., W. Duan, X. Zhou, and C. Zhang. 2007. Application of Annular Centrifugal Contactors in the Extraction Flowsheet for Producing High Purity Yttrium. Hydrometallurgy 85, 154-162. 

Leonard, R. A., Aase, S. B., Arafat, H. A., Chamberlain, D. B., Conner, C., Regalbuto, M. C., and Vandegrift, G. F. Multi-day Test of the Caustic-Side Solvent Extraction Flowsheet for Cesium Removal from a Simulated SRS Tank Waste, Report ANL-02/11, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, January 15, 2002. 

Bruns, L. E. "Plutonium - Uranium Partitioning by a Reflux Extraction Flowsheet," in "Proceedings, ISEC 71," Society of Chemical Industry, London, 1971, Vol. 1, p. 186. 

Early solvent extraction flowsheets for HTGR fuels recycle developed at the General Atomic Company contained a coextraction costrip cycle for thorium and uranium prior to the partitioning... 

Figure 1. Simplified solvent extraction flowsheet of the WAK plant showing the path of Np Np-bearing streams are indicated by fat lines (------) aqueous streams (-------) organic streams.

Figure 1. Solvent extraction flowsheet for laboratory miniature mixer settlers...

---