Flower anthers

Figure 10. Tissue specific expression of p-subunit proteins in floral tissues. Stage 3 (fully opened) flowers were collected, dissected and cell wall proteins (5 pgm) from the indicated organs isolated and analyzed for p-subunit antigen. Note the high level of expression in stigma/style and anthers/pollen and restriction of the larger antigen to stigma/style tissues. PGl lane, 1 gg of purified fruit PGl protein.

Meiocytes from anthers of S. divinorum (Reisfield 1242) flower buds were suitable for chromosome... 

Diadelphous Anthers united by the filaments into two bundles or fascicles per flower. 

Folklore Spanish missionaries in South America regarded the flower of this herb as a symbol of Christ s passion, the three stigmas representing the nails, the five anthers the wounds and the ten sepals the apostles present. The herb was used in native North American medicine, especially by the Houma tribe, who put it into drinking water as a tonic. It became popular as a treatment for insomnia in the nineteenth century and was included in the US National Formulary from 1916 to 1936 (Bown, 2003 British Herbal Medicine Association, 1983 Giuenwald el al, 2002 Hutchens, 1973 Tierra, 1998). 

Features Stem up to one foot high. Leaves opposite, lanceolate-ovate, three to five longitudinal ribs, smooth, entire at margins. Flowers (July and August) pink, twisted anthers. Whole plant bitter to the taste. 

Features Leaves cordate, doubly serrate, hairy underneath. Three to six yellowish-white flowers on each flower stalk the two anther cells are separated on short divergent stalks at the tip of the many stamens. 

Figure 22.1 Examples from two conceptual axes of interactions between flowers and their animal visitors. Axis 1 is a specialization-generalization spectrum of plant-pollinator interactions. Panel A depicts a guild of red Chilean flowers that share one species of hummingbird as a pollinator. In Panel D, a Perideridia umbel is visited by several families of bees, wasps and flies most are effective pollinators. Axis 2 describes relationships in which animals visit flowers for their own reproductive purposes. In panel B, a female Tegiticula moth gathers pollen from anthers of Yucca filamentosa, for which it is both obligate pollinator and seed predator. In panel C, a Drosophila fly (black arrow) is lured by appearance and smell of decaying matter to a deceptive Aristolochia flower, seen in cross-section. Floral scent plays diverse roles along these axes, including pollinator attraction in food- and sex-based mimicry. All photographs were taken by the author.

One of the first considerations for an electrophoretic analysis of plant proteins is the type of tissue(s) to be used. Virtually any living tissue is suitable (anthers, pollen, flower buds, shoots, roots, megagametophytes, embryos). Specialized protocols for working with pollen leachate (and with organelles) are described by Morden et a/.11 We work primarily with leaves... 

JAs also play important roles in flower development.832 833 837 Particularly, the requirement ofJA biosynthesis for anther development was clearly shown by JA biosynthesis mutants 834-836 AOS and OPR3, two enzymes required for JA biosynthesis, are encoded as a single gene in Arabidopsis genome. An opr3 mutant in Arabidopsis,... 

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