ICP flow injection

Figure 9.31 (a) Determination of chromium in DNA using flow injection ICP-SFMS (sample loop ... 

Figure 9.50 Determination of 232Th in small volumes of aqueous solution by flow injection ICP-MS (using Micro Mist), (j. S. Becker, R. S. Soman, K. L. Sutlon, j. A Caruso and H. j. Dietze, J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 14, 933(1999). Reproduced by permission of the Royal Society of Chemistry.)...

Figure 18.6. Schematic of an HPLC flow injection-ICP-MS hydride generation system (a) and real-time measurement of As species via hydride formation (b).

Trace and ultratrace impurities (Ti, Zn, Ga, Nb, Sn, Sb, Te, several lanthanides, Ta, Ir, Pt, Pb, Bi and U) in the xgg range and below in wet digested steel samples (with aqua regia in a microwave oven) have been determined by ICP-ToFMS. For Ca determination in steel, an analytical procedure was introduced with microwave assisted digestion and matrix separation by flow injection ICP-MS to solve the interference problem ( C 02 and Si °0 on analyte ion " " Ca+) after treatment with H2SO4 and HF, and a detection limit of 0.6(xgg was obtained. The determination of trace and ultratrace impurities in high purity (4N) copper samples, after digestion... 

The application of microanalytical techniques, such as flow injection in ICP-MS (FI-ICP-SFMS), is also of special interest in medical research where very small sample volumes have to be characterized, e.g. for Cr determination in DNA by sector-field ICP-MS.For the separation of isobaric interferences of Cr and Ar C the measurements were performed at a mass resolution of m/Am = 3000. Transient signals of Cr and Cr analyzed by FI-ICP-SFMS of a I0p,gl chromium solution (sample loop 20p,l) are illustrated in Figure 9.31a. For quantification by the isotope dilution technique, the small volume of DNA available (diluted 1 10) was injected into a continuous flow of 2 % HNO3, which is spiked with high-enriched Cr solution (the isotope abundance of Cr was 83.4%). The application of the isotope dilution technique in flow injection ICP-SFMS is shown in Fig. 9.31 b. ... 

Dean, J.R., Ebdon, L., Crews, H.M. and Massey, R.C., Characteristics of flow injection-ICP-MS for trace metal analysis. J. Anal. Atom. Spectrom., 3 (1988) 349-354. 

Emission spectroscopic techniques such as inductively coupled plasma optical emission (ICP-OES) and direct current plasma optical emission (DCP-OES). include the analysis of copper in biological materials (Delves et al.. 1983. Roberts et al., 1985). These techniques, with suitable sample preparation, have sufficient low bias and precision for clinical work but are more expensive and more complex than AAS (Herber et al.. 1982). Flow injection-ICP-OES will be mentioned below. 

Th, 234u, 239pu 240p Flow injection-ICP-MS with solid-phase extraction Hollenbach et al. [90]... 

Flow injection coupled to ICP-MS has shown itself to be very diverse and flexible in meeting the demands presented by complex samples, as indicated in the foregoing references. However, one of the most interesting areas of research is in the direct analysis of seawater by flow injection ICP-MS. Traditionally, seawater is very difficult to analyze by ICP-MS because of two major problems. First, the high NaCl content will block the sampler cone orifice over time, unless a 10-20-fold dilution is made of the sample. This is not such a major problem with coastal waters, because the levels are high enough. However, if the sample is open-ocean seawater, this is not an option, because the trace metals are at a much lower level. The other difficulty associated with the analysis of seawater is that ions from the water, chloride matrix, and the plasma gas can combine to generate polyatomic spectral interferences, which are a problem, particularly for the first-row transition metals. 

Analytical Results for NASS-4 Open-Ocean Seawater Certified Reference Material, Using Flow Injection ICP-MS Methodology... 

Elwaer a. R., McLeod C. W. and Thompson K. C. (2000) On-line separation and determination of bromate in drinking waters using flow injection ICP mass spectrometry. 

Denoyer, E. R., Stroh, A., and Qinghong, L. (1993). High sample throughput with rapid microsampling flow injection ICP-MS. At. Spectrosc. 14(2), 55—59. 

Hywel Evans, E.,Truscott,J.B., Bromley, L., and Jones, P. (1998). Evaluation of chelation preconcentration for the determination of actinide elements by flow injection ICP-MS. ASTM Spec. Tech. Publ., p. 79. 

Willie, S. N.,Tekgul, H., and Sturgeon, R. E. (1998). Immobilization of 8-hydroxyquinoline onto silicone tubing for the determination of trace elements in seawater using flow injection ICP-MS. Talanta 47(2), 439. 

Kozono, S., Sakamoto, H., Takashi, R., and Haraguchi, H. (1998) Multielement determination of ultratrace impurities in high purity tantalum metals by flow injection/ICP-MS. Anal. Sci., 14, 757-62. 

AES = atomic emission spectroscopy BPTH = l,5-bis[phenyl-(2-pyridyl)-methylene]-thiocarbonohydrazide] DPTH = l,5-bis(di-2-pyridyl)methylene thiocarbohydrazide FI = flow injection ICP = inductively coupled plasma LA = laser ablation LOD = limit of detection MIBK = methyl isobutyl ketone MS = mass spectrometry QMS = quadrupole mass spectrometry SF-MS = sector field mass spectrometry... 

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